The Urinary System Chapter 37.3.

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Presentation transcript:

The Urinary System Chapter 37.3

Urinary System Function: Helps maintain the homeostasis of body fluids. Structure: 2 kidneys 2 ureters 1 urinary bladder 1 urethra

The Kidney The kidneys are main organs of the urinary system. Function: Filters and removes waste from blood Regulates body water volume, blood volume and blood pressure Regulates the amount of ions and salt in the body. Produces urine.

Protein is broken down for energy in the body– this releases ammonia (very toxic) Ammonia is converted into urea by the liver (less toxic) Some of the urea is removed by the skin in perspiration (sweating). Most is removed from the blood by the kidneys.

Waste is removed in the kidney by Nephrons. 1 million nephrons per kidney Blood entering the nephron carries water, glucose, salt, vitamins, amino acids, ions, urea and waste. 1st step is filtration Small molecules, salt and water, and other waste are removed from the blood. 2nd step is reabsorption Important material (water, glucose, and salt) are reabsorbed into the blood.

The remaining fluid is urine. Urine is water and solutes. Solutes = excess elements, ions, salt, and vitamins, urea, toxic substances and drugs Approx. 1-2 Liters of urine produced a day. Ureters Carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder. About 25 cm long

Urinary Bladder Stores the urine Muscular sac on the bottom of the pelvic cavity. Average volume = ½ Liter Max capacity = ¾ Liter Urethra Passes urine out of the body Female approx 3-4 cm Male approx 18 cm