Week 11 (Nov.7, 06) Methodology (II) Guest: Dr. Lin Lin

Agenda for Today Online Discussion Summary (10 mins). Data collection and data analysis ( ) Team teaching with Dr. Lin (20) Triangulation Matrix (Workshop) (40) Validity, credibility, reliability, generalizability (30) Ethical issues (20) Hot Topic (move to next week) Q & A for Methodology (15)

What data?  appropriate to your research questions and accessible  Qualitative or quantitative? (p55)

Data Source: what and where and how?  Focus on the environment (context) and the human beings involved Place: what are the places where you might collect data? Events: what happens in these settings-what events occur? People: what people are involved? Interactions: what interactions? Artifacts: physical evidence

Data Collection Techniques-Overview (Mills, p73)  Observation (Experiencing)  Interview (Enquiring)  Questionnaire (Examining)  Artifacts Written or visual sources of data that contribute to our understanding of what is happening in our classrooms and schools.

Some buzz words Field notes (Shufang’s) Timeline (FRP, SRF…) Classroom map (p.71) Triangulation (p57, p78) Consent form Instruments (Peers’ appendix)

Shufang’s Field Notes

Shufang’s Time Line

Back to your own research: what data?  Triangulation Matrix Work in groups

Appendix  Finish your Appendices Interview questions Observation checklist Survey/questionnaire (eg. Textbook p,64, 65, 68) Consent forms

Validity, Credibility, Reliability, Generalizability  What is it? Group work p.84; 85; 89; P92/95-Wolcott’s strategies for ensuring the validity of action research Each group gives a 99-seconds talk (explanation + an example) on each concept.

Validity and Reliability  Reliability The degree to which a test consistently measures whatever it is measuring.  Validity The degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure. A valid test that measures what it purports to measure will do so consistently over time. A reliable test may consistently measure the wrong thing! (p95-96).

Ethics of research  Group work Each group will give 1 or 2 examples that might involve ethical issues Consent forms (text books, p.26, 27)-work out a draft of your consent form

Q & A Draft #3