Weather and Climate; Temperature and Heat Earth and Space Science

Weather The state of the atmosphere at a given time and place.

The 11 Weather Variables Air temperature: degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius. Dewpoint temperature: degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius. The closer this temperature is to the actual air temperature the less dry the air feels. Relative humidity: a % between 0 and 100.

The 11 Weather Variables Cloudiness: partly cloudy, mostly cloudy, overcast, broken, scattered, etc. Precipitation: Rain, snow, sleet, hail, freezing rain, showers, drizzle, ice pellets, etc. Measured in inches. 10 inches of snow usually melts down to 1 inch of liquid.

More on the 11 Variables Air Pressure: Usually measured in millibars (mb). Average pressure = mb. Low pressures ~ 950 mb to 1005mb. High pressures ~ 1015mb to 1040 mb. Under a low pressure area, air is rising and as a result, the surface has less air molecules than before. Under a high pressure area, air is sinking towards the surface and piles up before spreading out.

More on the 11 Variables Wind speed: Created due to a difference in air pressure. Usually measured in miles per hour. Most wind speeds range from calm to 20 mph. Windiest in between a high and low. Visibility: how far you can see. Ranges between 0 and 10 miles. Less in fog and on days when there is precipitation. More on days when you can see the Sun.

More on the 11 Variables Wind direction: The direction the wind is coming from. This can be N, S, E, W, NE, NW, SE, SW, ENE, SSW, NNW, NNE, etc. Wind chill: A combination of air temperature and winds speed in order to show what the temperature feels like.

More on the 11 Variables UV index: an index that ranges from 0 to means your skin may burn very fast due to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. 0 indicates a low risk of sunburn.

The 11 Weather Variables Air temperature--click here or click here Dewpoint temperature--click here Relative humidity--click here Cloudiness--click here Precipitation--click here Visibility--click here Air pressure--click here Wind speed--click here Wind direction--click here Wind chill--click here UV index--click here or click here

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Climate Weather conditions at some locality averaged over a specified period of time. (example: the average high temperature for July is 78 degrees Fahrenheit.)

Climate Departures from long term averages. (example: over the past year we are 4.3 inches above normal for our precipitation.) Weather extremes. (the lowest temperature ever recorded in the state of Pennsylvania is -42 degrees Fahrenheit.)

Temperature and Heat Hey….what is the difference between temperature and heat?

Temperature and Heat Heat: the amount of kinetic energy in a system. Energy in the atmosphere moves in 3 ways. Radiation (from the Sun to Earth), conduction (by touching something), and convection (air masses moving around such as opening a window in the winter and making your house cooler.) Temperature: measurement of the average kinetic energy (molecules in motion)in a system. Measured in degrees.

Did You Know… There is no such thing as cold, only an absence of heat. There is no such things as darkness, only an absence of light. There is no such thing as evil, only an absence of good.