Rocky Mountain Power 2011 Clinic Project Dynamic Line Rating Preliminary Design Review Project Advisor: Dr. Thomas Schmid Clinic Team Members: Skyler Kershner, Benjamin Sondelski, Trevor Nichols, Shayan Barzagari, Zhao Qi

2 Presentation Overview Project Background Goals Proposed Solution Additional Considerations System Implementation Model Expected Results Budget / Timeline

3 Project Background Overhead Conductor Sag National Electrical Safety Code specifies minimum clearance As conductor heats, sag increases Environmental, power considerations Dynamic line rating system needed [1] Clearance Levels

4 Project Goals Develop dynamic line rating system –Combine best characteristics of commercially available models –Simple design Implement system in a model Validate collected data [2] Line Sag Illustration

5 Proposed Method: Thermal Imaging Directly measures sag and line temperature Non-contact measurement [4] Configuration [5] Camera View

6 Proposed Method: Thermal Imaging Provides high contrast images, temperature measurement Image processing tracks lowest point in line [6] Thermal Image

7 Proposed Method: Thermal Imaging Limitation: Cost ModelPrice FLIR T620 $ 19,500 FLIR SC325 $ 13,500 FLIR E60 $ 7,500 [7] [8] [9]

8 Conclusion Need for dynamic line rating Goals Thermal imaging as potential solution Limitations of thermal imaging –Other methods needed Contact Info: Skyler Kershner References

9 Zhao – Overview Tension as a solution Sag – Tension rating and calculation Design Problems/Solutions Conclusion

10 Tension as a Possible Solution All-Inclusive Measurement –line temperature, environment temperature, solar absorption Accuracy Low-Power Draw

11 D – Vertical sag S – Horizontal length of the span W – Unit weight of the conductor T r – Resultant conductor tension T h – Horizontal component of tension Fig. 1 Parabolic Sag Curve Sag-Tension Rating and Calculations [10]

12 Tension as a Possible Problem Cost Actual implementation –Required line outage for installation Ice and wind loading Length of Conductor –Stretching and high temperatures

13 Design Problems/Solutions Ice loading Wind loading For structures below 60 feet: For structures exceed 60 feet: Resultant ice and wind loading

14 Conclusion Overview of Sag- Tension Tension advantages Tension problems/Solutions References: [1]- “Overhead Conductor Manual”, 2 nd Edition, Southwire Company, 2007 [2]- IEEE “Guide to the Installation of Overhead Transmission Line Conductor”, 2004 [3]- IEEE “Guide on Conductor Self-Damping Measurements”, 1978 [4]- “Sag and Tension”, Sep. 20, [online]. Available: Contact information: Zhao Qi ECE department, University of Utah

15 Trevor – Overview Magnetic Field Sensing Implementation difficulties Project Difficulties Build a model - advantages Conclusion

16 Magnetic Field Sensor Three Axis Magnetic Field Sensor  MAGNETOMETER RS232 W/CASE High Accuracy, <0.5% Full Scale 10 to 154 Sample/Sec Low Power consumption Input voltage range 6 to 15 (VDC) [11]

17 Magnetic Field Measurement Difficulties

18 Project Difficulties Field Deployment of Prototype –Power –Communication Uncontrollable variables Budget

19 Build a Model Test wide range of aspects Control experiment variables and environment Develop realistically implementable solutions Retain a low budget

20 Conclusion Magnetic Sensing Magnetic Difficulties Project Difficulties Advantages of Model References: [11] “Smart Digital Magnetometer HMR2300”, Sep. 30, [Online]. Available: catalogdocuments/Missiles-Munitions/HMR2300.pdf. Contact Information: Trevor Nichols

21 Shayan – Overview Proposed Solution Math Defining Model Requirements Measuring Temperature Conclusion

22 Proposed Solution Mock thermal imaging system [12] [13] Build a model scaled down to 30:1 ratio Approximately 600 feet scaled to 20 feet Measure sag in a controlled environment Clinic Lab – Merrill Engineering Building 2350 Develop an effective dynamic line rating system

23 Math defining model Tension in the line – direct effect of line temperature Temperature – direct effect of amount of line current Amperage – controlled system input

24 Measuring Temperature

25 Measuring Temperature

26 Conclusion Proposed Solution Characteristics of Model Mock thermal imaging –IR thermometer –IR video camera References: [12] “IR Thermo Gun”, Sep. 29, [Online]. Available: [13] “IR Security Camera”, Sep. 29, [Online]. Available: Contact Information: Shayan Barzegari

Benjamin – Overview benefits of in-house scale model power supply electrical diagram conductor span expected model performance 27

28 Benefits of In-House Scale Model communications controlled environment –simple comparison to IEEE 738 –no exposure to weather verification of thermal time constant test bed for future clinics

29 Power Supply need 480V, 3 phase 208V 3 phase is available 2kVA each power supply losses

30 Model Electrical Diagram National Electrical Code: bonding and grounding conductor sizing overcurrent protection ground detector

31 Conductor Span 1½″ PVC structure (FORMUFIT connectors) transparent covering (acrylic or polycarbonate) dead-end attachments

32 Expected Model Performance 20′ span 200lbs tension at 25°C Sparrow ACSR

Physical Model: Conclusion benefits of in-house scale model power supply electrical diagram conductor span expected model performance 33 contact Benjamin Sondelski (801) references [1]National Fire Protection Association, "National Electrical Code," Boston, national standard NFPA 70, 2008.

34 Budget ItemSpecsModelSourceEachQtyExt Pipe, PVC1-1/2″ Schedule 4010′Home Depot$ $ way PVC tee1-1/2″FORMUFIT$ $ way PVC Elbow1-1/2″FORMUFIT$ $ Turnbuckle3/8″ stainless Model # 7112 Store SKU # Home Depot$ 8.422$ Plywood3/4″×24″×24″ Model # Store SKU # Home Depot$ 9.172$ PVC Cement$ HardwareMisc$ Arduino Programmable Controller Radio Shack$ IR ThermHome Depot$ Servo180 degree PivotRadio Shack$ IR Camera2 Mexapixelnewegg.com$ Total$

35 Timeline Year MonthAug.Sept.Oct.Nov.Dec.Jan.Feb.Mar.Apr. Task 1Background Resarch 2Design Model 3Build Model 4Test Model 5Analyze Data 6Adjust Model 7Finalize Model 8 Implement exterior Cond. 9Devolop dynamic rating 10Document

36 CONCLUSION Measure Sag Build a Model Desirable: Measure Conductor Temperature Due to budget, use Temp Sensor and IR Camera Validate Measurement Measuring Tension Magnetic Sensor

37 Contact Info / References References [1] “Clearance Levels”, Oct. 3, [Online]. Available: [2] “Line Sag Illustration”, Oct. 3, [Online]. Available: [3] “Tension Illustration”, Oct. 3, [Online]. Available: [4] “Configuration”, Oct. 3, [Online]. Available: [5] ”Power Line View”, Oct. 3, [Online]. Available: [6] “Thermal Image”, Oct. 3, [Online]. Available: [7] “FLIR T620”, Oct. 3, [Online]. Available: [8] “FLIR SC325”, Oct. 3, [Online]. Available: [9] “FLIR E60”, Oct. 3, [Online]. Available: [10] “Sag and Tension”, Sep. 20, [Online]. Available: [11] “Smart Digital Magnetometer HMR2300”, Sep. 30, [Online]. Available: documents/Missiles-Munitions/HMR2300.pdf. [12] “IR Thermo Gun”, Sep. 29, [Online]. Available: [13] “IR Security Camera”, Sep. 29, [Online]. Available: Rocky Mountain Power Clinic Team Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Utah