Effects of Late Nitrogen Application on Hard Spring Wheats Russ Karow 1, Ernie Marx 1, Doug Engle 2, Gary Hareland 3 and Jennifer Kling 1 1 Oregon State.

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Presentation transcript:

Effects of Late Nitrogen Application on Hard Spring Wheats Russ Karow 1, Ernie Marx 1, Doug Engle 2, Gary Hareland 3 and Jennifer Kling 1 1 Oregon State University 2 USDA-ARS Washington State University 3 USDA-ARS North Dakota State University

. Background  Wheat growers in the Pacific Northwest sometimes apply nitrogen at flowering to increase grain protein in an attempt to assure meeting minimum market protein levels  Premiums are based on the assumption that higher protein equals improved end-use quality  Some reports suggest that the increase in protein percent that may occur with late N applications is not always accompanied by a corresponding increase in baking performance

Possible explanation for lack of improvement in baking quality with increased protein content  Late N application may increase nonprotein N or protein fractions that do not confer improved baking quality

Objectives  Compare the effects of single vs. split nitrogen applications on wheat yield, protein, and loaf volume  Determine if there are varietal differences in response to split nitrogen applications

Methods Location Hyslop Field Station, Corvallis, Oregon and 1999 Varieties ‘WPB936’ – hard red spring wheat ‘Winsome’ – hard white spring

Methods Agronomic practices 30 PLS/ sq ft – earliest possible spring seeding Harmony Extra and phenoxy at 3-lf Fungicide as needed for leaf rust control

Methods Nitrogen treatments Early N = single application at late-tillering Split N = first application at late-tillering with 40 lbs N/acre applied as a foliar acid- neutralized urea solution at flowering Total N applied was the same for both Early and Split N treatments (40, 120, 160, 200, 240 lbs N/acre)

Nitrogen application

Preboot

Near harvest

Methods Baking quality Standard pup loafs at WWQL Experimental Design RCBD with four replications for grain yield and protein and two replications for loaf volume

Analysis of Variance 1998

Regression of grain yield on total N applied 1998 WPB936 y = x Winsome y = x Total N applied (lbs/acre) Yield (bu/acre) Regression of 1000 kernel weight on total N applied Total N applied (lbs/acre) 1000 kw (g) WPB936 Winsome

Regression of loaf volume on total N applied 1998 WPB936 y = x x 2 Winsome y = x x Total N applied (lbs/acre) Loaf volume (cc) Regression of protein % on total N applied 1998 WPB936 y = x - 8E-05x 2 Winsome y = x - 9E-05x Total N applied Grain protein %

Analysis of Variance 1999

Winsome Total N applied (lbs/acre) Yield (bu/acre) ** + WPB Total N applied (lbs/acre) Yield (bu/acre) All N applied at late tillering Split N application ** * All N applied at late tillering Split N application

Total N applied (lbs/acre) 1000 kw (g) * * ** Total N applied (lbs/acre) 1000 kw (g) + ** + Winsome 1999 WPB All N applied at late tillering Split N application All N applied at late tillering Split N application

WPB Total N applied (lbs/acre) Protein % ** * All N applied at late tillering Split N application Protein % Total N applied (lbs/acre) ** * * * Winsome 1999 All N applied at late tillering Split N application +

Loaf volume (cc) Total N applied (lbs/acre) All N applied at late tillering Split N application Total N applied (lbs/acre) Loaf volume (cc) All N applied at late tillering Split N application Winsome 1999 WPB

. Conclusions  Yield, protein content, and baking quality increased with total N applied in both years.  In 1999, a split application of N reduced yields at lower N levels, but had no effect on yield at higher N levels.  A split application of nitrogen increased protein content in a favorable year (1999), but not in 1998 when the crop experienced other environmental stresses.  A split application of N did not significantly increase loaf volume in either year.

. Conclusions  The variety WPB936 was higher in protein content and had better baking quality than Winsome, but was lower yielding under all fertility regimes in both years. WPB936 had higher 1000 kernel weight than Winsome.  Further studies are underway to investigate the effects of late N application on protein composition, to determine why there is no improvement in baking quality with increased protein content.