Brian Arkills Software Engineer, LDAP geek, AD bum, and Associate Troublemaking Officer UW Windows Infrastructure

Goal Goal: To provide a centrally-provisioned Windows accounts to all of the UW campus Guiding Principal: The UW Windows Infrastructure is an enabling technology

Core Components Active Directory (netid.washington.edu) –LDAP directory AND KDC realm “Fuzzy Kiwi”, a kiwi client that provisions *all* UW NetIDs with an active Kerberos subscription Slurpee, a GDS connector, that synchronizes the enterprise group-oriented directory information WINS, a netbios name resolution service

Key Features AuthN: Windows user accounts with UW NetID password that are automatically provisioned AuthZ: Automatically-provisioned institutional groups that can be used for authorization –60K course groups –7 affiliation groups (e.g. student, staff, faculty) –~150 other groups, including C&C org groups

Get a trust. Use UWWI users and groups in your ACLs. Tell users. See How to Adopt

Key Limitations No delegated user management, i.e. –No home directory –No profile –No Exchange mailbox could be set, etc. Course groups are private, memberOf on *all* users is private NTLMv2 only for domain trusts; Kerberos & NTLMv2 only for forest trusts Account lockouts: 5 bad attempts in 1 minute -> 1 minute lockout

Expected Uses (for now) Provide Windows service to entire UW audience –File service –IIS –Sharepoint –Others … Interactive login to existing domain workstations NOTE: Members of the UW community don’t need a computer in a domain that trusts UWWI to access a Windows service that is ACL’d with UWWI principals.

WinAuth Project Arose out of C&C desire to move LABS out of UW Forest. This spawned outcry, a discussion group, and ultimately an C&C initiative to enable Windows- based services. “Phase 1” did the authentication and authorization pieces. Deemed doable without additional funding. “Delegated OUs” will make UWWI a nice place to live, phase out the UW forest, and provide other core Windows services as deemed necessary. Not currently funded.

Phase 1 Project Details Maintaining existing LABS functionality was paramount, EPLT was on project team to facilitate quick adoption. –Maintaining Mac authentication –Providing a replacement for “LABS\domain users”, i.e. all users who used to be in LABS. Kiwi code needed some enhancements Slurpee needed to be written from scratch

Phase 1 Technical Details “Fuzzy Kiwi” –Core is in C and helper app in C# (.net) –Handles account renames now w/o delete (preserving the SID) –Populates some person info from EDS/GDS –Uses a different delimiter to improve password handling –A new subscription maintains a group for EPLT authorization and populates the UA (soon to be C&C) uid onto the uidNumber attribute Slurpee –VB.net –Automatically creates groups and updates them as appropriate (adds and removals) on a daily basis (GDS is only updated 1x daily currently) –Gets affiliation information from eduPersonAffiliation attribute on user objects in GDS. Uses this non-group-oriented info to create affiliation groups. –Parses group member string, replaces with AD DN of member –Handles nested groups –Knows how to add objectclasses and attributes as needed –Knows how to set AD ACLs

“Delegated OUs” Details A charter is written, and a Strategic Direction Team (SDT) proposal has been approved. Defines resources (2 engineer FTE, 1 CliSvc FTE), outlines deliverables (core and additional), and approximates a timeline. Core deliverables include: Solve user management delegation issue 2-way password sync? Core infrastructure to enable Exchange Provide domain migration strategy into UWWI Phase out UW forest

Future Extended Deliverables After the ‘Delegated OU’ project, additional services may be pursued in follow-on projects depending on client interest. These include: Help Nebula to move in as first “occupant” as a proof of concept Setup billing for anything that needs it DDNS (ala nebula) Ezreg services (wireless registration) DFS/file services VPN CA/PKI Unix interoperability Mac authentication ADFS

UW Forest Trends

State of UW Forest Domain count: 21. C&C owns 5 of these, and will remove 3 within 6 months. From past conversations, 9 other domains have indicated in the past an intention to have moved out by now. 12 Domain compromises in past 4 years Windows 2000 SP4 DCs: 18; Windows 2003 DCs: 28 Windows 2000 Domain Level: 16; Windows 2003 Domain Level: 5 Total number of users: ( w/ C&C domains leaving soon) Total number of computer: 6898 Domain size by users: –<50: 3 –51-200: 6 – : 5 – : 4 –>1000: 3 Domain size by computers: –<50: 6 –51-200: 5 – : 7 – : 0 –>1000: 3

Expected Migration Path Similar to C&C ‘How to Migrate Out of the Forest’ whitepaper Wdomains/migrateOut.html Use ADMTv3 user/group migration Use ADMT computer migration wizard to reACL and move computers without needing to touch each. –Registry –Profiles –File system –Local groups –Services –not scheduled tasks –not application-level credentials

Nebula Numbers 0 domain compromises over 10 year history 0 Nebula managed server compromises (yes, C&C has a managed servers service) Users: 2323; Groups: 1388; Computers: 2816 –Gold (Nebula managed) workstations: 2452 –Bronze (not managed by Nebula) workstation: 131 –Kiosks: 61 –Servers: 172 (31 unmanaged, 141 managed) 1 SG member +.25 engineer/250 workstations 1 new software package/week Cost: –$52/month for Gold workstation –$58/month for Gold laptop –$26/month for Bronze Doesn’t include hardware, add ~$30/month for hardware 4.53 terabytes of network storage, 2.95 in use

Future Nebula Projects Exchange (this is a C&C service that some Nebula users may consume) SCCM (SMSv4 and SoftGrid) Vista Office 2007 Dynamic local admin passwords (stage 1 done) Laptop improvements Managed Macs (research only) CA for Nebula Administrator account improvements Kiosk revisit (dependent on vista) New models to reflect impending UW Information Security Standard See for a recent overview of what Nebula provides in the managed workstation space.

The End Brian Arkills Author of LDAP Directories Explained