SMALL-N DESIGNS What is a Small-N Design? What is a Reversal Design?

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Presentation transcript:

SMALL-N DESIGNS What is a Small-N Design? What is a Reversal Design? What is a Multiple Baselines Design? How are Small-N Designs Analyzed?

What is a Small-N Design? Experiment conducted on only one or a few subjects. Available population may be small. Internal validity is often very good - no individual differences. External validity is a problem.

What is a Reversal Design? Measure before treatment, with treatment, and after treatment is removed or reversed (ABA Design). The treatment is the independent variable. Measure the dependent variable at each stage of the design.

What is a Reversal Design? Not appropriate for treatments with permanent effects Variations: ABAB ABBA

What is a Multiple Baseline Design? Compare before and with treatment; use other behaviors, situations, or subjects as baselines. Useful when treatment has permanent effect.

Multiple Baseline: Behaviors Behavior 1 before / Behavior 1 after Behavior 2 before ………. / Behavior 2 after Behavior 3 before ……………… TIME

Multiple Baseline: Situations Situation 1 before / Situation 1 after Situation 2 before ………. / Situation 2 after Situation 3 before ……………… TIME

Multiple Baseline: Subjects Subject 1 before / Subject 1 after Subject 2 before ………. / Subject 2 after Subject 3 before ……………… TIME

How Are Small-N Designs Analyzed? Inferential statistics are not used. Use descriptive statistics; graph data for each individual participant.