F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June Heavy Flavour in ALICE Federico Antinori (INFN Padova & CERN) for the ALICE Collaboration

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June Contents The LHC, Heavy Flavours and ALICE The LHC, Heavy Flavours and ALICE Expected performance (examples) Expected performance (examples) D 0  K -  + D 0  K -  + D +  K -  +  + D +  K -  +  + B  e + X B  e + X B  µ + X B  µ + X B  J/  + X B  J/  + X … Coming up: proton-proton Coming up: proton-proton Conclusion Conclusion

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June The LHC, Heavy Flavours and ALICE (or “ALICE in Wonderland”)

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June LHC Running conditions: Running conditions: + other ions (Sn, Kr, O) & energies (e.g.: 5.5 TeV) + other ions (Sn, Kr, O) & energies (e.g.: 5.5 TeV) *L max (ALICE) = ** L int (ALICE) ~ 0.5 nb -1 /year Collision system √s NN (TeV) L 0 (cm -2 s -1 ) Run time (s/year)  geom (b) pp * PbPb ** 7.7 pPb ArAr

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June Heavy LHC cc and bb rates cc and bb rates ALICE PPR (NTLO + shadowing) ALICE PPR (NTLO + shadowing) 115 / / / 0.2 Pb-Pb 5.5 TeV (5% cent) 0.16 / / / 0.5 pp 14 TeV shadowingsystem NN x-sect (mb) total multiplicity PbPb pp PbPb pp cc bb PbPb/pp

Exploring the low-x region… Shadowing, saturation, … Shadowing, saturation, … 6  p-A essential!

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June Probing the medium... study medium with probes of known colour charge and mass study medium with probes of known colour charge and mass  e.g.: energy loss by gluon radiation expected to be: parton-specific: stronger for gluons than quarks (colour charge ratio = 9/4) parton-specific: stronger for gluons than quarks (colour charge ratio = 9/4) flavour-specific: stronger for lighter than for heavier quarks (dead-cone effect) flavour-specific: stronger for lighter than for heavier quarks (dead-cone effect) study effect of medium on fragmentation (no extra production of c, b at hadronization) study effect of medium on fragmentation (no extra production of c, b at hadronization)  independent string fragmentation vs recombination e.g.: D + s /D + e.g.: D + s /D + + measurement important for quarkonium physics + measurement important for quarkonium physics open QQ production natural normalization for quarkonium studies open QQ production natural normalization for quarkonium studies B meson decays non negligible source of non-prompt J/  at LHC B meson decays non negligible source of non-prompt J/  at LHC

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June Large suppression at RHIC! yet, region above 3-4 GeV expected to be dominated by beauty... yet, region above 3-4 GeV expected to be dominated by beauty... [Xin n.p. electrons ~ as suppressed as expected for c only (no b) n.p. electrons ~ as suppressed as expected for c only (no b) scaled to M. Cacciari et al., hep-ph/ disentangling c/b is a must disentangling c/b is a must  full reconstruction of D vertices! non phot. el.

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June By the way: the factor 9/4? energy loss should be proportional to: C R = 4/3 for q, = 3 for g energy loss should be proportional to: C R = 4/3 for q, = 3 for g at RHIC, at 6-8 GeV p T : x ~ at RHIC, at 6-8 GeV p T : x ~  large quark contribution also for light flavours? at LHC, at same p T : x ~ a few at LHC, at same p T : x ~ a few  quark contribution negligible

10 ALICE Set-up HMPID Muon Arm TRD PHOS PMD ITS TOF TPC Size: 16 x 26 meters Weight: 10,000 tons

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June longitudinal coverage: |  | < 1 (tracking), |  |<2 (multiplicity) Inner Tracking System (ITS)

12 ITS and TPC

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June Silicon Pixel Detector (SPD) PIXEL CELL z: 425  m r  : 50  m Two layers: r = 4 cm r = 7 cm  9.8 M

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June Expected resolution on track impact parameter track impact parameter (d 0 ) track impact parameter (d 0 )

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June Expected performance (examples)

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June D0  K-+D0  K-+D0  K-+D0  K-+ expected ALICE performance expected ALICE performance S/B ≈ 10 % S/B ≈ 10 % S/  (S+B) ≈ 40 (1 month Pb-Pb running) S/  (S+B) ≈ 40 (1 month Pb-Pb running) statistical. systematic. p T - differential

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June D+  K-++D+  K-++D+  K-++D+  K-++ Performance comparable to that for D 0  K -  + Performance comparable to that for D 0  K -  + Pb-Pb significance ~ 30 (1 month) p-p

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June Beauty to electrons Expected ALICE performance (1 month Pb-Pb) Expected ALICE performance (1 month Pb-Pb) e ± identification from TRD and dE/dx in TPC e ± identification from TRD and dE/dx in TPC impact parameter from ITS impact parameter from ITS S/(S+B) S per 10 7 central Pb-Pb events

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June Electrons (from b) p t spectrum Error composition stat error stat  syst error 11% from overall normalization not included

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June Expected performance on D, B R AA m b = 4.8 GeV D 0  K    B  e + X 1 year at nominal luminosity (10 7 central Pb-Pb events, 10 9 pp events) should help clarify the heavy flavour quenching story! should help clarify the heavy flavour quenching story! mass dependence colour charge dependence

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June Beauty to single muons expected in the muon arm expected in the muon arm  very high statistics and heavy flavour purity expected

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June Beauty to dimuons Two main sources: Two main sources: Bµ + + D + X µ - + X B B X + µ + “BD SAME ”“BB DIFF ”

consistency check! consistency check! F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June low mass  high mass 

24 B  J/  + X More “exclusive” than B  e/µ + X More “exclusive” than B  e/µ + X better handle on B momentum distribution better handle on B momentum distribution Preliminary pp study: pseudoproper decay time Preliminary pp study: pseudoproper decay time (à la CDF) CDF (data) ALICE (prelim. simulation) p T >0 F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June 2008

Many more under study… F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June Coming up: pp

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June Example: D 0 in pp D 0  K -  + D 0  K -  + 1 year run  ~ 10 9 events 1 year run  ~ 10 9 events ~ 20 shifts, 10 hrs each  a few 10 7 events ~ 20 shifts, 10 hrs each  a few 10 7 events  reach out to 12 GeV or so

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June Example: B  e + X in pp

LHC Cooldown F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June

ALICE Status 1/5 PHOS, 4/18 TRD, 18/18 TOF HMPID 0/6 EMCAL Detector Status Today & for First Beam

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June ALICE Status Startup configuration: Startup configuration: complete: ITS, TPC, TOF, HMPID, muon arm, trigger detectors (V0, T0, ZDC, Acorde) complete: ITS, TPC, TOF, HMPID, muon arm, trigger detectors (V0, T0, ZDC, Acorde) partially complete: PHOS (1/5), TRD (4/18), PMD (6/48), DAQ/HLT (20-30%) partially complete: PHOS (1/5), TRD (4/18), PMD (6/48), DAQ/HLT (20-30%) Timeline: Timeline: Global commissioning/cosmic runs I and II in Dec 2007 & Feb 2008 Global commissioning/cosmic runs I and II in Dec 2007 & Feb 2008 Cosmic run III under way Cosmic run III under way LHC will close end July  first injection expected shortly after LHC will close end July  first injection expected shortly after commissioning run in 2008 commissioning run in 2008 “long run” in 2009 “long run” in 2009 followed by first Pb-Pb run (√s = 5.5 TeV, L = 5·10 25 cm -2 s -1 ) followed by first Pb-Pb run (√s = 5.5 TeV, L = 5·10 25 cm -2 s -1 )

Taking data! F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June

ALICE sees particles! TPC TPC F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June ITS ITS TPC + ITS TPC + ITS

ITS alignment with cosmics 2198 sensitive modules X 6 d.o.f. each = alignment parameters to be determined! 2198 sensitive modules X 6 d.o.f. each = alignment parameters to be determined! F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June

ITS Alignment 06/05/2008 Adam Jacholkowski 35 SPD alignment QA plots (first sample of 940, 4P tracks)

ITS Alignment 06/05/2008 Adam Jacholkowski 36 AliMillepede re-alignment (first test)

First particles from LHC! TI2 injection test (15/6): muons from beam dump TI2 injection test (15/6): muons from beam dump F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June

First particles from LHC! Seen from an SPD half-sector: Seen from an SPD half-sector: F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June inner layer outer layer transversal tracks!

F Antinori - 417th WE-Heraeus-Seminar - Bad Honnef - June Conclusion With heavy flavours, Nature kindly provides us with a beautiful tool to study the properties of the strongly interacting medium produced in ultra-relativistic nucleus- nucleus collisions With heavy flavours, Nature kindly provides us with a beautiful tool to study the properties of the strongly interacting medium produced in ultra-relativistic nucleus- nucleus collisions At LHC At LHC  very high rates  very high rates  very extended p T range  very extended p T range  well developed jets  well developed jets ALICE is very well equipped for this physics ALICE is very well equipped for this physics The FUN is just starting! The FUN is just starting!