WLTP-08-19e BMW, 31.10.2014 Christoph Lueginger WLTP Road Load Family Proposal on a family definition for road load determination

WLTP Road load family Introduction Agenda: Validation testing, current status and program. Current proposal. Minutes of Geneva-meeting 06/2014: WLTP Road Load Family, BMW, 31.10.2014

measurement program - road load family validation WLTP road load family validation tests measurement program - road load family validation 320i ed - AT RR Aero mass 320d - AT RR Aero mass 328i - AT RR Aero mass 435i- AT RR Aero mass 1.3 MJ 1.3 MJ 1.4 MJ The difference between the vehicles is a first guess and will be determined precisely by component measurements (weight, aerodynamics, RR). The measurements of the first two vehicles is in progress, finalization is planned for end of 2014, if the weather in Munich allows coast down testing, otherwise mid of 2015. WLTP Road Load Family, BMW, 31.10.2014

from WLTP-DTP-LabProcICE-172 - Comparison RLD flatbelt_VW.pdf WLTP Road Load Family road load family definition proposal Starting from the CO2 family and dropping the engine related issues, the following definition results. Proposal for definition of a "road load family": Vehicles identical with respect to the following characteristics shall be considered to be part of the same road load family: (a) Transmission type (e.g. manual, automatic, CVT) and transmission model (e.g. torque rating, number of gears, number of clutches, etc.); (b) n/v ratios (engine rotational speed divided by vehicle speed). This requirement shall be considered fulfilled if, for all transmission ratios concerned, the difference with respect to the transmission ratios of the most commonly installed transmission type is within: [25] per cent;  can be much bigger than for the CO2-family, influence very small, criteria could even be deleted!? (c) Number of powered axles; (d) [RESERVED: family criteria for EVs].  Out of the EV criteria there might be also criteria to be taken into account for the road load family, especially if the electric machine is not decoupled! The range between the vehicle with the lowest energy demand over a full WLTC class 3 and the vehicle with the highest energy demand shall not exceed [5] MJ. from WLTP-DTP-LabProcICE-172 - Comparison RLD flatbelt_VW.pdf WLTP Road Load Family, BMW, 31.10.2014

WLTP Road Load Family next steps Results of validation measurements. Is there input or feedback from other participants? Please give your feedback on first draft provided. Members of TF: Contact Persons: Rob Cuelenaere (TNO), Christoph Lueginger (BMW) Experts: Markus Bergmann (Audi), Norbert Ligterink (TNO), Toshihisa Yamaguchi (Japan), Annette Feucht (Audi), Nakhawa (India), Iddo Riemersma (T&E), Bill Coleman (VW), Caro Hosier (Ford), Laura Bigi (PSA), Bob Latu (Renault), Bertrand Mercier (PSA), Helge Schmidt (TÜV Nord), André Rijnders (RDW), Klaus Steininger, (EU Com), Beatrice Lopez (UTAC), Folko Rohde (VW), Kai Behlau (VW) WLTP Road Load Family, BMW, 31.10.2014

from WLTP-DTP-LabProcICE-172 - Comparison RLD flatbelt_VW.pdf WLTP Road Load Family Backup Backup from WLTP-DTP-LabProcICE-172 - Comparison RLD flatbelt_VW.pdf WLTP Road Load Family, BMW, 16.10.2014

from WLTP-DTP-LabProcICE-172 - Comparison RLD flatbelt_VW.pdf WLTP Road Load Family Status and Introduction In the current GTR two coast downs are necessary for one CO2-family. Coast down testing is very time consuming and inflexible (weather, track capacity, …) Many parameters that must be equal within one CO2-family (for good reasons) have no other effect on the road load except for their effect on weight and aerodynamics which is accounted for in the interpolation. Example: The engine is decoupled during coast down, therefore neither the engine type nor the engine temperature is relevant for road load determination. A definition of a road load family, that is bigger than the CO2-family, is possible. A road load family avoids unnecessary workload without losing accuracy. Such a family has synergistic effects e.g. a family for the alternative warm-up procedure could also be this road load family. If the concept of developing a road load family is agreed, the details should be worked out in a small subgroup. from WLTP-DTP-LabProcICE-172 - Comparison RLD flatbelt_VW.pdf WLTP Road Load Family Concept, BMW, 10.03.2014

from WLTP-DTP-LabProcICE-172 - Comparison RLD flatbelt_VW.pdf WLTP Road Load Family Clarification of road load influences influences on road load assessed by mass combined approach rolling resistance aerodynamics drivetrain type (2WD/4WD) tbd in road load family drivetrain losses gearbox type (MT, AT, …) tbd not relevant for road load The engine has no influence on road load, as it is decoupled, apart from: Weight, aerodynamic (and rolling resistance) influences.  They are covered by the calculation of the individual road load coefficients! from WLTP-DTP-LabProcICE-172 - Comparison RLD flatbelt_VW.pdf WLTP Road Load Family Concept, BMW, 10.03.2014

from WLTP-DTP-LabProcICE-172 - Comparison RLD flatbelt_VW.pdf WLTP Road Load Family Calculation of road load influences, Annex 7 3.2.3.2.2.4. Calculation of road load for individual vehicles in the CO2 vehicle family 3.2.3.2.2.5. Calculation of cycle energy per phase 3.2.3.2.2.6. Calculation of the CO2 value for an individual vehicle by the CO2 interpolation method Formulas for road load family Formulas for both families Formulas for CO2-family from WLTP-DTP-LabProcICE-172 - Comparison RLD flatbelt_VW.pdf WLTP Road Load Family Concept, BMW, 10.03.2014

WLTP – Family Definitions Example With limited parameters RLD: Road Load Determination ATCT: Ambient Temperature Correction Test CA: Combined Approach 1. RLD – Family 3 series MT Gasoline / Diesel 2. RLD – Family 3 series AT Gasoline / Diesel CA Family 3 series MT Gasoline CA Family 3 series MT Diesel CA Family 3 series AT Diesel CA Family 3 series AT Gasoline 2. ATCT Family, Gasoline MT / AT 1. ATCT Family, Diesel MT / AT 2. ATCT Family, Gasoline MT / AT 3. RLD – Family 5 series MT Gasoline / Diesel 4. RLD – Family 5 series AT Gasoline / Diesel CA Family 5 series MT Gasoline CA Family 5 series MT Diesel CA Family 5 series AT Diesel CA Family 5 series AT Gasoline