Dietary Intake and Overweight in children aged years in Saskatoon Canada Public Health Association, Annual Conference Toronto May 26-29, 2014 Ha Le, PhD candidate Community Health and Epidemiology

Overview Background Purpose Methods Results Conclusions

Background  The global burden of obesity among children and aldolescents is estimated to be 1 in 10 (Lobstein T et al, 2014)  Dramatic temporal increases in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Canadian children (31.5% for children 5-17 years old, CCHS )  Dietary intake is a corner stone of weight management across the life cycle and play important role in influencing the likelihood of being overweight during childhood and adolescence.

The purpose of this study is to examine dietary intake and the association between overweight and nutrition-related factors among children aged years old in Saskatoon who participated in the ‘Smart Cities and Healthy Kids – Food environment Study’ Purpose

Methods (1)  1408 children, ages of years, from all residential neighbourhoods in Saskatoon (n=61) were surveyed at school in March/April  Survey instrument included questions on socio-demographic characteristics the Harvard Youth and Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire (YAQ) for dietary assessment (147 items)

Methods (2)  We assessed students’ dietary intake and compared this with the Canadian food group and nutrient recommendations.  Children’s height and weight were measured and BMI calculated using the age and sex specific BMI calculator from the WHO (2007), AnthroPlus version 3.1.  Using WHO reference (2007), we classified children as normal weight (+/-1SD), overweight or obese (greater than +1SD) and obese (greater than +2SD).

Methods (3)  Data was evaluated using SPSS version 18  Logistic regression was performed using 3 models to determine the associations between overweight and frequency of consumption for the four food groups Model 1 included overweight and frequency of consumption of a food group controlling for socio-demographic variables Model 2 was the same as Model 1 but included additional simulteneous adjustments for the frequency of comsumption of all other 3 food groups Model 3 included all significant variables at p-value<0.05

Results

Recommended and Observed Number of Servings from Canada’s Food Guide for Healthy Eating

Prevalence of Inadequate Dietary Intake Saskatoon study vs. Nova Scotia study

DRI: Dietary Reference Intakes. AMDR: Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range. AI: Adequate Intake Macronutrient intake

EAR: Estimated Average Requirement. AI: Adequate Intake. UL: Upper Limit Vitamins and Minerals

Overweight/Obesity

Overweight and frequency of food group consumption

Overweight and associated risk factors

Conclusions  Dietary intake among adolescent children in Saskatoon is relatively poor.  The proportion of children who are overweight/obese in Saskatoon (36.3%) is higher than that of Canadian children (31.5%).  Significant differences observed in prevalence of overweight across gender, age, aboriginal status and SES.  A protective association for consumption of dairy and a neagative association for consumption of meats and alternatives was observed among children living in Saskatoon  The development of evidence-based policies and prevention initiatives targeting children and their families may improve dietary quality and prevent obesity.

Reference  Lobstein T, Baur L, Uauy R: Obesity in children and young people: A crisis in public health. Obes Rev 2004, 5(Suppl 1):  Matthews, V. L., Wien, M., & Sabaté, J. (2011). The risk of child and adolescent overweight is related to types of food consumed. Nutr J, 10(1),  Veugelers, P. J., Fitzgerald, A. L., & Johnston, E. (2005). Dietary intake and risk factors for poor diet quality among children in Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 96(3).

Acknowledgement  Dr. Nazeem Muhajarine  Dr. Rachel Engler-Stringer  Tracy Ridalls and SCHK research team

Thank you