1. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) Published in 1997 by US and Canadian researchers Four nutrient intake values used to plan and assess diets of healthy people 1. Estimated Average Requirements (EARs): - for each nutrient - average amount that will maintain a specific body function in half the population

2. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) 2. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDAs): - Average amount of nutrients considered adequate to meet the needs of 98% of healthy people 3. Adequate Intakes (AI): - Used for nutrients where there is insufficient evidence to determine an EAR. - Based on average amount of nutrient that a group of healthy people consumes

3. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) 4.Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) - the highest amount of a nutrient that appears safe for consumption - beyond the UL may be toxic AIs and RDAs are used to set goals for nutrient intake

4. Malnutrition DeficiencyExcess  Undernutrition Overnutrition Symptoms: - thin - obese - loss of muscle tissue - increase - vulerable to infections risk of and disease diabetes, heart disease

5. Malnutrition Diagnosed by diet/health history from medical records – information on drug use, socioeconomic status, laboratory results and anthropometric data (body weight compared to standard) And physical exam

6. Malnutrition Nutrient Deficiency 1  - too little nutrients in the body due to inadequate dietary intake  diet hx 2  - disease that reduces absorption of nutrients/or accelerated the uses of nutrients  health hx Subclinical – deficiency in its early stages before outward signs/symptoms  lab tests

7. Body Mass Index (BMI) BMI (Body Mass Index) – an index of a persons weight in relation to height Wt (kg) or Wt (lbs) x 703 Ht (m) 2 Ht (in) 2 BMI 18.5 or less  underweight: reduced work capacity, poor reproductive function BMI 25 - 29.9  overweight BMI 30 or more  obese: increased mortality

8. Body Mass Index (BMI) Problems with BMI: 1.Muscular athletes are usually classified as overweight by BMI, but they are not 2.Does not reflect body fat 3.Inappropriate for various ethnic groups