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ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort2 Introduction Extensible Markup language XML SCHEMA DTD

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort3 What is a Schema? Schema: A collection of statements that define the structure of a set of data as well as constraints on that structure. Schema language: A language used to define a schema such as the XML DTD language or an XML schema language.

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort4 XML - Extensible Markup Language ”Alice Smith” ”333 Huntington Ave” ”Boston” ”MA” ”02115”

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort5 <!DOCTYPE USAddress [ ]> XML Schema - a specification of the synta x and semantics of XML documents DTD - document type definition

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort6 XML Query Languages Traditional Way: SQL XML QL Lore

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort7 CD year =1193”> Spyro Gyra Dreams Beyond Control Walk the Walk Fernandez Same Difference Becckenstein Fernandez Morning Dance Spyro Gyra>/group> Beckenstein C dim 7 … XML document for Music

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort8 Querying XML in the Traditional Way Lorel: 1) select music.% 2) select music.% where music.%.group = “Spyro Gyra”

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort9 Construct { where > Element_AS $s CONSTRUCT $s } and CONSTRUCT { WHERE Spyro Gyra CONSRUCT $x } XML QL

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort10 VISIUAL LANGUAGE FOR XML: XING Stands for XML IN GRAPHIC

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort11 What can Visual language contribute to XML Eliminating textual and structure representation of data. Querying of XML data can be accomplished VIA pattern.

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort12 Criteria for XML VISUAL Language: Do not define textual query language Use simple and intuitive visualization of XML Employ pattern matching Keep the system as simple as possible

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort13 CD Year:1993 title:Dream Beyond Control group:Spyro Gyra Track No:1 title: walk the walk composer:Fernande No:10 title:same differe composer:Beckensi composer :fernande score Title: morning dance group: spyro Gyra composer:Beckens guitar:C dim 7 Visualization of music schema XING

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort14 XML and visual Language: Support for XML Visual Languages contribution XML contribution to visual language

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort15 Visualization of XML: Well suited Attractive Can be easily exchanged between computer Simple and interesting for end user

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort16 Document Metaphore : Free text together with categorized information Field consist of header and value Patterns or rules

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort17 Document Patterns : Patterns matching provides a light weight approach to data processing Desired data is described by samples or patterns Usually a patterns consist of constants and variables

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort18 Construct { where > Element_AS $s CONSTRUCT $s } and CONSTRUCT { WHERE Spyro Gyra CONSRUCT $x } music SCORE In XING all Scores can be found by the above pattern.

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort19 music Group: Spyro gyra music CD Group: Spyro Gyra score Group: Spyro Gyra guitar: CDs and guitar scores of favorite Group *

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort20 music o * Composer: Beckenstein Deep Query: Is given by any pattern that is prefixed by an ellipsis, meaning to look for that pattern at any nesting depth within the searched document.

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort21 Document rule: Document rule can be used to reformat or re-structure query results. Consist of two document patterns that are joined by a double arrow P Q P is called the argument pattern Q is called result pattern

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort22 Document Rules: music Piece {* } group:Spyro Gyra favorite piece

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort23 Document Rules: music 0 * composer:Beckenstein list Composer title

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort24 Conclusion Bases on visual document metaphor and the notation of document pattern and rules, XING provides a direct and simple way to locate and select information in XML data resources. Xing is usable by broad audience because the interface is completely independent from a complex, textual formal query language

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort25 XML-GL We introduce a data model for XML documents, called XML- GDM (XML Graphical Data Model), which we use to represent both the expected structure of XML documents (i.e., their DTDs) and actual documents. The data model has a graphical representation: a syntax directed translation produces graphical schemas of DTDs or of documents. We envision a typical use of XML-GL in which users are presented with the graphical representation of the DTD and can produce queries in XML-GL with a WYSIWYG interface, with suitable drag and fill commands.

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort26 The Requirements for an XML Query Language XML is a recent recommendation of the World Wide Web Consortium for a meta-language to define markups for content publishing on the Web. Derived from SGML, XML allows document producers to define and use the set of tags that best mirrors the structure and conceptual properties of the information they want to publish. The use of XML will bring a major change in the structure of Web information, which will become more and more a collection of semistructured objects, i.e., pieces of content for which at least a partial representation of structure (known as schema in the database lexicon) is available.

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ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort28 An XML-GL query consists of four parts: 1. The extract part identifies the target of the query, by indicating the target documents and the target elements inside these documents; by drawing a parallel 2. The match part (optional) specifies logical conditions that the target elements must satisfy in order to be part of the query result. 3. The construct part specifies the structure of the result document; the same query can be formulated with different contruction parts, to obtain results formatted differently. 4. The clip part (optional) specifies the elements from the target documents to be retained in the constructed result.

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort29 Besides the basic features shown by these examples, XML-GL addresses the remaining requirements by allowing: String manipulation capabilities that enlarge the range of possible queries. The definition of the transitive closure of the containment and reference relationships. Arbitrary computation on document numeric content via built-in functions. The exploitation of element order in the documents. The use of equivalence rules on XML documents and/or XML-GL queries for defining similarity retrieval.

ebis/etat/ebuy/xdia Joint Effort30 Questions!