Faculty Roles in the Evolving Scholarly Communications System Mark Kamlet University Provost

Purpose To launch a continuing series of lectures and workshops for faculty and grad students about changing scholarly communication practices and authors’ rights. Comment on newer ways to disseminate research results Discuss how university reputation is tied to research and publication

Main Points PROBLEM: Scholarly communications SOLUTION: Open access Carnegie Mellon faculty needs Faculty concerns and issues Provost concerns

Scholarly Communications Problem Since 1984, U. S. Consumer Price Index (CPI) has risen 88 percent and Higher Education Price Index (HEPI) has risen 128 percent, while Periodicals Price Index (PPI) has skyrocketed 536 percent. SOURCE:

Scholarly Communications Problem Faculty give their work product to publishers Publishers edit and print, making at least 40% profit for hard copy (more for digital) Lack of substitution of goods Monopolistic tendency of publishing industry Big business mergers LATEST Wiley & Sons will acquire Blackwell Publishing for just over $1 billion early this year. 3 rd party payer system (the library)

Open Access Solution NIH Open Access policy asks all NIH grant recipients to make their research results available free to read via PubMed Central, a database of half a million articles in life science and medical journals: Some PubMed journals put up articles immediately; some wait 6 months−1 year PubMed services include RSS, open access to author manuscripts, and article archiving

What Does Open Access Mean? Materials are freely available on the Internet –Authors retain control over the integrity of their works and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited –Users can read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to full texts, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them in any other lawful purpose without financial, legal or technical barriers

Open Access Doubles Impact

Open Access Two Ways eJournals that are free to read Self-archiving by authors –Some journals grant the right to self-archive in the copyright agreement 83% allow self-archiving but are not explicit about it –Authors must retain the right to self-archive

Self-Archiving You May Already Have the Right Journals%Publishers% Preprint3,25330%78% Postprint1,77217%1416% Preprint & Postprint3,85536%3034% Total self archiving8,88083%5158% No self-archiving1,79317%3742% Total in study10,673100%88100% from Stevan Harnad & Tim Brody, “Comparing the Impact of Open Access (OA) vs. Non-OA Articles in the Same Journals,” D-Lib magazine 10 (6), June 2004.

Faculty Needs for Self Archiving University Libraries will provide departments with lists of publishers who openly or covertly allow self-archiving A Robotics faculty member suggested this construct for enabling more Carnegie Mellon faculty to self-archive –Make faculty aware of the double impact of open access –Have department servers that can handle the load –Make available an archiving tool (Andrew system or another tool) –Teach faculty how to use the archiving tool

Faculty Concerns Publishers won’t take their work unless they sign constraining copyright agreements –83% do allow some kind of open access Scholarly societies will have to get revenues from members rather than from libraries Faculty work won’t be archived forever — and their reputations will diminish as their articles disappear

Provost Concerns The university pays for research information twice: 1.University pays to provide –Faculty salaries and benefits, –Faculty labs and research facilities, –Faculty time spent as referees and editors of journals, and –Faculty time spent as scholarly society members and officers. 2.University also pays to run –A library that buys back faculty-created content at egregious publisher-inflated prices, and –An academic press that does refereeing for book disciplines.* * Not too much at Carnegie Mellon, but a big expense elsewhere

Conclusions Carnegie Mellon’s reputation is important to all constituents—students, faculty & staff, trustees, and local & state governments. Faculty research and publication are critical factors for building the university’s reputation. The impact of faculty work can be doubled by pushing for open access to that work. If faculty are more active in obtaining open access for their work, then the university will gain a competitive advantage.

Next in Authors’ Rights and Wrongs Mary Jo Dively and Jonathan Band Publish and Perish??! Protecting Your Copyrights from Your Publisher Workshop will be presented twice: –Monday, February 20, 4:30-6 p.m., Posner Center –Tuesday, February 21, 4:30-6 p.m., Posner Center Julia Blixrud / SPARC, Managing YOUR Rights: Authors and Copyrightwww.arl.org/sparc/ –Monday, March 19, 4:30-6 p.m., Adamson Wing, BH

Thank You Mark S. Kamlet, Provost Kicking off Authors’ Rights and Wrongs, a continuing series about authors’ rights January 31, 2007