HISTORY OF ENGINEERING & DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

2 History of Industrial Engineering Industrial engineering is emerging as one of a small number of “glamour” professions – relationship between IE and other disciplines Industrial engineering is emerging as one of a small number of “glamour” professions – relationship between IE and other disciplines Factory of Future are complex (Engg., Basic Sciences, IT, Economics etc.) Factory of Future are complex (Engg., Basic Sciences, IT, Economics etc.) Many IE graduates will be required to design and manage modern manufacturing facilities, or health care facilities, or transportation system etc. Many IE graduates will be required to design and manage modern manufacturing facilities, or health care facilities, or transportation system etc. Earlier: Science and engineering are regarded as different disciplines Earlier: Science and engineering are regarded as different disciplines Knowledge (Study or Research)  Application (Development, Construction etc.) Knowledge (Study or Research)  Application (Development, Construction etc.) Science  Engineering Science  Engineering Almost all engineering developments prior to 1800 had to do with physical/mechanical phenomena Almost all engineering developments prior to 1800 had to do with physical/mechanical phenomena (Friction, Lifting, Storing)Later  Material Prop., Chemistry, Elec., Combustion (Friction, Lifting, Storing)Later  Material Prop., Chemistry, Elec., Combustion

3 History of Industrial Engineering Fundamental to almost all engineering developments were the advances made in mathematics – angles, weights and time etc. Fundamental to almost all engineering developments were the advances made in mathematics – angles, weights and time etc. The use of abstract models representing complex physical systems is a fundamental tool of engineers The use of abstract models representing complex physical systems is a fundamental tool of engineers The modern era of engineering starts in 1750 – military or civil engineering The modern era of engineering starts in 1750 – military or civil engineering Mechanical engineering emerged as a distinct branch in early 1800s. Mechanical engineering emerged as a distinct branch in early 1800s. Steam engine and many other mechanical devices were developed Steam engine and many other mechanical devices were developed

4 History of Industrial Engineering The electrical sciences emerged with the development of telegraph by S. Morse in 1840, electricity & Magnetism The electrical sciences emerged with the development of telegraph by S. Morse in 1840, electricity & Magnetism Thomas Edison’s invention of the carbon lamp (1880) led to widespread use of electricity for lighting purposes – motors Thomas Edison’s invention of the carbon lamp (1880) led to widespread use of electricity for lighting purposes – motors The use of fuels, lubricants and dyes etc gave birth to chemical engineering The use of fuels, lubricants and dyes etc gave birth to chemical engineering Lack of planning Lack of planning Lack of control Lack of control Lack of insight Lack of insight

5 History of Industrial Engineering Mass production was possible due to technological innovations Mass production was possible due to technological innovations Interchangeability/standardization Interchangeability/standardization Cost reduction Cost reduction Specialization of labor Specialization of labor Change in lifestyle Change in lifestyle Problems like pollution and crowding emerged basically due to Problems like pollution and crowding emerged basically due to The need for better management systems led to the development of Industrial Engineering The need for better management systems led to the development of Industrial Engineering Developments following World War II led to nuclear, aeronautical and computer engineering. They are all considered as specialties of one or more of the “big five” disciplines. Developments following World War II led to nuclear, aeronautical and computer engineering. They are all considered as specialties of one or more of the “big five” disciplines.

6 Engineering – A Process The general activities in which engineers are involved are The general activities in which engineers are involved are Solves problem Solves problem Analyze Analyze Design systems Design systems Analyze  Synthesize (Page-6) The distinguishing characteristic of engineering is designing a system The distinguishing characteristic of engineering is designing a system Analysis leads to one single answer to a problem but there is not necessarily one best answer to the design problem Analysis leads to one single answer to a problem but there is not necessarily one best answer to the design problem What makes Engineering a Profession is What makes Engineering a Profession is A significant body of special knowledge A significant body of special knowledge An internship-like training An internship-like training Standards of profession – professional ethics, responsibilities towards society Standards of profession – professional ethics, responsibilities towards society

7 Engineering – A Process Engineering ethics is the study of the moral values, issues, and decisions involved in engineering practice. Engineering ethics is the study of the moral values, issues, and decisions involved in engineering practice. Engineers are frequently involved in decisions that have a profound effect on society, e.g. Engineers are frequently involved in decisions that have a profound effect on society, e.g. Design of particular devices Design of particular devices Design and location of a factory Design and location of a factory Design of a management system Design of a management system Professional licensing of engineers is becoming a universal requirement Professional licensing of engineers is becoming a universal requirement Registration will likely be increasingly regarded by employers as an indicator of technical competence Registration will likely be increasingly regarded by employers as an indicator of technical competence

8 Engineering Education and ABET Accreditation Engineering education has progressed through several stages of evolution Engineering education has progressed through several stages of evolution Engineering students used to spend long hours obtaining “hands-on” experience of operating Engineering students used to spend long hours obtaining “hands-on” experience of operating Lathe Lathe Drill presses Drill presses Molding machines Molding machines Foundries etc Foundries etc Much of the “art” of engineering was removed from the engineering curricula and was replaced by a much greater emphasis on the basic science underlying engineering – mathematics Much of the “art” of engineering was removed from the engineering curricula and was replaced by a much greater emphasis on the basic science underlying engineering – mathematics The purpose of ABET accreditation is to assure the public and employers of engineering graduates that certain minimum standards have been met. The purpose of ABET accreditation is to assure the public and employers of engineering graduates that certain minimum standards have been met.