The importance of clouds. The Global Climate System

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Presentation transcript:

The importance of clouds

The Global Climate System

Radiation in the climate system Kiehl and Trenberth, BAMS, 1997

Net cloud radiative effect from ERBE

Combined satellite rainfall measurements Reflects locations of major precipitating cloud systems spatiotemporal variability Latent Heating

The Global Hydrological Cycle

From global to local – range of scales 1000 km 100 km 10 km 1 km

Impact of cloud type upon radiation

Distribution of cloud types Tropical East Pacific Anvils Mid-level High Low Deep convection Stratocumulus

Radiative effect of cloud types Mid-level High Low

Factors influencing cloud types

ERBE net cloud forcing SST anomaly from zonal mean

ISCCP inferred St/Sc amount

Tropical- subtropical general circulation from Randall et al., J. Atmos. Sci., 37, , 1980 cold SST warm SST

Seasonal cycle of precipitation Jan 2004 Jul 2004

Interannual variability of precipitation Jan 1998 Jan 1999 El Niño La Niña

Global frequency and distribution of lightning as observed from space Christian et al., J. Geophys. Res., 2003.

Tight couplings between SST, winds, and clouds

Clouds and precipitation associated with midlatitude cyclones warm conveyor

Orographic precipitation enhancement

Clouds and climate change

Clouds in climate models - change in low cloud amount for 2  CO 2 from Stephens (2005) GFDL CCM model number

IPCC, 2007

Pacific Northwest Projected River Flow

Cloud effects on atmospheric chemistry Acidity of rain Gas-particle conversion Biogeochemical feedbacks to tropical cloud pattern

Hobbs 2000

Modeling clouds and precipitation Forecasting of precipitation Climate impacts

From the sublime…. 10x10x5 m resolution 20x20x3 km domain Stevens et al. (2002)

….to the ridiculous, but necessary 3x3 o resolution global domain climateprediction.net

Hobbs 2000 O 3 photolyzed OH

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