Women Physicists and Grant Financing. The Results of the Last Decade in Russia Nelly I. Didenko a, Eduard A. Tropp a, Galina Ya. Merkulova b, Renata F. Vitman c a,b St. Petersburg Research Center RAS, Russia c St. Petersburg Technical University, Russia d A.F.Ioffe Institute RAS, Russia

Agenda Feminization of Russian Science in the past decade Participation of Women-Physicists in projects of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research Gender Statistics in Physics and in Science. Why it is important to increase the participation of women in physics in Russia Woman-Physicists in the period of Crisis of Science

1.Feminization of Russian Science in the Last Decade the percentage of women postgraduates in Russia increased on average from 35% to 47% the proportion of women scientists increased: 1961  37.3% 1988  40.3% 1990  53.0% 2000  54.0% physics&mathematics - the proportion of women-scientists 35.5% the proportion of women-scientists all over the world is 6-10%, USA -22.4%

2. Participation of Women-Physicists in Projects of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)

3. Gender Statistics in Physics

Women-Participants of R&D in St. Petersburg Research Center RAS (without PhD degree)

Women-Participants of R&D in St.Petersburg Research Center RAS (with PhD degree)

Doctor of Sciences Women - Participants of R&D in St. Petersburg Research Center RAS

Distribution of Institutes According to Grant Received in St. Petersburg Research Center RAS

4.Why It is Important to Increase the Participation of Women in Physics in Russia What are some of the joys and satisfactions have women had in their careers in physics? Are there particular aspects of the culture in Russia that made it possible? Research itself, successful experiments, professional recognition, working in a team with other physicists and the opportunity to teach students and see their good results There are a lot of scientific centers and institutes in Russia, that’s why scientists from different regions can cooperate in research, meet at conferences and inform each other about the latest findings in physics.

The Cultural, Social and Professional Features of a Woman’s Career in Physics in Russia To Russia it is now peculiar What are the major barriers for women achieving successful careers in physics in Russia? The ways, in which physicists, must help to alleviate the barriers What initiatives have been taken in Russia to attract more women to physics? Low salary, old equipment, shortage of new journals and travel grants to International conferences inadequate job placement, childcare and household International programs, contacts with physicists all over the world Promotion of science at schools

5.Woman-Physicists in the Period of Crisis of Science Participation in International conferences, International projects, learning by foreign experience in science writing, presentation of scientific results, in grant applications; establishing new non governmental associations of physicists and women of science; carrying out International conferences and seminars in Russia

Co-founders of the St.Petersburg Women Association of Science at the Conference “Women and Management”

At the International conference: The Role of Women in Science and the Humanities

Conclusion What Can We do Together ? To establish permanent e-Network of women- physicists all over the world To help find Partners for International Projects To Publish International experience of women in physics, the ways of overcoming «glass ceiling» To teach women-physicist the art of presentation of scientific results

References: Science in the Russian Federation/Stat. Annuals/M.,1995, 104p. (in Russian) M. Alfimov, V. Minin, A. Libkind «The Country of Science - RFBR» (in Russian). Vestnik RFFI, #2, June 2000, p.5-29 N.I. Didenko, A.B. Petrovsky, E.A. Tropp, Yu. N. Fokichev «Women- scientists of St. Petersburg and grant financing. (to be published in the book “Petersburg pictures of scientific world”, StP RC RAS, StP, 2002) Acknowledgements Authors are thankful to the Head of RFBR Department of Methods and Analysis Vladimir A. Minin, senior specialist of RFBR Alexandr N. Libkind, vice-rector of St. Petersburg State University Vladimir N. Troyan and the head of personnel department of St. Petersburg Research Center of RAS Yuri N. Fokichev, for the data which they kindly provided to us.