Venu Govindaraju University at Buffalo

Current Research Activities at CUBS Mainstream Research  Biometric Identification  Fingerprint Verification  Hand Geometry  Signature Verification  Speaker Recognition  Multimodal Biometrics  Classifier Combination  Information Fusion  Storage of Biometric Data  2D barcodes  Smart cards  Materials and Light Sources  Analog VLSI and Optical Detectors Exploratory Research  Large Scale Biometric Databases  Indexing and binning  Soft biometrics  Securing Biometric Data  Template hiding  Cancelable biometrics  Personal Hashes  Biometric Hardening  Novel Applications of Biometrics  Pervasive Computing  Information assurance  Biometric Encryption  Chemical/Biological Biometrics  Skin spectroscopy  Perspiration/odor

Teams  Fingerprints  Sharat Chikkerur  Chaohang Wu  Alan Tjea   Hand Geometry  Amit Mhatre   Face Catalog  Zhi Zhang  Karthik Sridharan  Sankalp Nayak   Speech Accent  Shamalee Deshpande   Biometric Hardening  Sharat Chikkerur  Amit Mhatre  Large scale Databases  Sharat Chikkerur  Amit Mhatre  Praveer Mansukhani  Skin biometrics  Sarojini Ramakrishnan   Biometric Hashing  Sergey Tulyakov  Faisal Farooq   Speaker ID  Face Recognition  Palmprint  Skin biometrics  Multimodal Biometrics  Barcode representation  Pervasive Computing  Information Assurance  Biometric Cryptography  YOU!!

Packaged Device Bright & Cartwright Sensors (Materials Development & Characterization) Titus Analog VLSI (Smart Systems) Biometric Authentication (Pattern Recognition & Analysis) Govindaraju Cartwright Light Sources (Materials Development & Characterization) Faculty Collaboration

Intellectual Resources  Faculty  Interdisciplinary Faculty Collaboration  School of Engineering and Applied Sciences  Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering  Dept. of Electrical Engineering  UB School of Arts and Sciences  Dept. of Chemistry  UB Law School  UB School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences  UB School of Informatics  Research Scientists  Four full time research scientists  Students  One Post-doc  Ten Ph.D. students  Five M.S. students

Material Resources  Hardware  Hand Geometry  Recognition Systems:Hand Geometry  Prototype acquisition and verification  Fingerprint  Ultrascan TM ultrasound sensor  E-Pad TM capacitive sensor  U.R.U TM optical sensor  Signature  E-Pad TM digitizer  Logitech digital pen  Infrastructure  6,000 sq. ft of office space shared with CEDAR.  Solaris and Intel Computers  Funding  More than 1M dollars in current grants

Industrial Collaboration  Handwriting Recognition  INS Forms processing  Biometric Fusion  ‘Accuscript’ : Pen stroke dynamics  Hand Geometry  Indexing and binning  Face recognition  Soft biometrics

Industrial Collaboration Unified Data Systems for Medical Rehabilitation  Disease surveillance  Medical Form processing  AFIS Implementation  Multi modal biometrics  Biometrics enabled smart cards INHOUSE TRAINING IRELAND  Biometrics awareness training

Biometrics  Definition  Biometrics is the science of verifying and establishing the identity of an individual through physiological features or behavioral traits  Examples  Physical Biometrics  Fingerprint, Hand Geometry,Iris,Face  Measurement Biometric  Dependent on environment/interaction  Behavioral Biometrics  Handwriting, Signature, Speech, Gait  Performance/Temporal biometric  Dependent on state of mind  Chemical Biometrics  DNA, blood-glucose

Conventional Security Measures  Possession or Token Based  Passport, IDs, Keys  License,Smart cards,Swipe cards, Credit Cards  Knowledge Based  Username/password  PIN  Combination of possession and knowledge  ATM  Disadvantages of Conventional Measures  Do not authenticate the user  Tokens can be lost or misused  Passwords can be forgotten  Multiple tokens and passwords difficult to manage  Repudiation

Need for biometrics  Reliable authentication and authorization  Billions of dollars are lost in identity theft and fraud  Common security measures authenticate the token or password and not the user.  Repudiation problems cannot be resolved even in the face of well documented audit trails.  Identity management  Managing multiple tokens, badges, usernames and passwords are cumbersome  Maintaining such personally  Biometrics cannot be lost, forgotten or stolen*

Characteristics of Biometrics  Universality  Each person should have the biometric  Uniqueness  Any two persons should have distinctive characteristics  Permanence  Characteristic should be invariant over time  Collectability  Characteristic should be easy to acquire  Acceptability  Is non-intrusive and accepted by a large population  Non repudiation  User cannot deny having accessed the system

The Field of Biometrics  Biometrics grew out of different fields  Speaker ID : Signal processing  Face Recognition: Computer Vision  Fingerprints : Forensics  Biometrics is the confluence of several disciplines  Sensors: electrical and mechanical engineering  Pattern recognition, probability and statistics  Image processing and computer vision  Signal processing  Algorithms and databases

Uses of Biometric Systems  Physical access control  Airports, Banks, Industry  Logical access control  Computer/network logon, e-commerce  Preventing identity fraud  Social security (double dipping), Immigration, Border Control  Information assurance  Audit trails, Biometric cryptography protocols  Securing pervasive environments

Aspects of a Biometric Systems  Sensor and devices  Types of sensors  Electrical and mechanical design  Feature representation and matching  Enhancement, preprocessing  Developing invariant representations  Developing matching algorithms  Evaluation  Testing  System Issues  Large Scale databases  Securing Biometric Systems  Ethical, Legal and Privacy Issues  Ergonomics, usability

Applications And Scope of Biometrics TechnologiesHorizontal ApplicationsKey Vertical Markets FingerprintCivil IDGovernment Sector Facial RecognitionSurveillance and ScreeningTravel and Transportation Iris ScanPC / Network AccessFinancial Sector MiddlewareRetail / ATM / Point of SaleHealth Care AFISCriminal IDLaw Enforcement Voice ScaneCommerce / Telephony Hand GeometryPhysical Access / Time and Attendance Signature Verification Keystroke Dynamics