Education and “skills” Merchants Artisans Farmers Shi 士 (literati)

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Presentation transcript:

Education and “skills” Merchants Artisans Farmers Shi 士 (literati)

Education as Institution Building Building Staffing Funding Admission Curriculum Certification

Founding of State Prefectural and County Schools Prefecture 1044 Yiwu 1049 Dongyang 1049 Pujiang 1060? Jinhua county 1072 Lanxi 1102? Wuyi 1102? Yongkang 1105

Wuyi County Seat, 1804

Examination levels Jin shi 進士 Literatus Present to Court Ju ren 舉人 Recommended Man Prefectural Candidate 鄉貢 (Sheng yuan 生員 ) Stipendiary Student Palace Ministry of Rites Province 道 / 路 / 省 Prefecture 州 / 府 County 縣

Examination Content Three days of tests Confucian Texts Literary Composition Treatises on Policy, History, and Scholarship

Education as Social Process Personal transformation Social differentiation Community formation

Jinshi degrees Song and Yuan (without Lanxi data)

Quotas and ratios Northern Song quota (prefectural passes): about 7 Southern Song quota (prefectural passes): 14 Prefectural pass/fail ratio in the late 12th century: 1/200

Recruitment Students

Numbers In 1290 there were 216,228 registered households in Wuzhou-lu (=Jinhua Prefecture) In 1350 a “Rat’s Tail Register” was created which listed households from wealthiest to poorest based on total land and the number of adult males. On this basis their service obligation was defined The total number of those liable for service ( 役者 ) was 12,668 names ( 名 ), with 4300 names being moved down from liable to non-liable And 3460 names being moved up from non-liable to liable Thus only 5 percent of the households were wealthy enough to be liable for service.

“Education” and Agency Instruction 教化 Study 學習 Teaching 為師 Learning 求學

Private Academies 書院 Appearing in Southern Song, continuing into the early 20th century, revivals today Generally privately funded Less test-based; do not offer certification Responsive to new intellectual trends

4 categories of bibliography Classics Histories Schools of Philosphy/Practice Literary Collections

Three areas of theory and practice Literary/cultural studies 文學， Affairs of government 政事， Moral conduct 德行

Education as Teaching and Learning Lü Zuqian as a teacher School rules Literary anthology ( Song wen jian 宋文鑒 ) Institutional history (Lidai zhidu ciangshuo 歷代制度詳說 ) Neo-Confucian primer (Jin si lu 近思錄 )