Source in Genesis 1 Literary Sources in Genesis Craig Ho, HKBU

Source in Genesis 2 Historical Critical Study of Genesis 1. Before J. Wellhausen ( 威爾浩生 ) a. The sources of Genesis were pre-Mosaic. Moses was the editor of Genesis. b. Some thought Genesis was composed in the early monarchy period. c. What we now called J was the latest material. d. P. and E. antedated J. 2. Wellhausen’ s documentary hypothesis a. The Pentateuch ( 五經 ) is composed of four distinct sources: J (Jahweh=Yahweh) - 10/9th cent. E (Elohim)- 9/8th cent. D (Deuteronomy)- 7th cent. P (Priest)- 6/5 cent.

Source in Genesis 3 1. A redactor (editor) R JE combined J and E. 2. A later redactor R D combined joined the book Deuteronomy with J and E. 3. Another redactor R P combined P with JED and finalized the long editorial process. 4. Later minor additions and supplements. Sources…

Source in Genesis 4 Five Criteria for distinguishing the four sources 1. Different names of the deity (J speaks of Yahweh, the Lord, E and P of Elohim, God). 2. Duplicate narratives (e.g. different accounts of creation, Gen 1 and 2; repetition within the flood story, Gen 6-9; doublets within the patriarchal narratives, cf.12:10-20 with ch. 20) 3. Different vocabularies (J “ cuts” covenants, P “ establishes” covenants) 4.Different styles (J and E contain vivid narrative, P is repetitious and fond of genealogies). 5. Different theologies (according to P, God is remote and transcendent; in J and E, God is anthropomorphic, etc.)

Source in Genesis 5 Sources in Genesis 1. The D source cannot be found in Gen. The proportion of the other sources are: J - 1/2 E - 1/3 D - 0 P - 1/6 2. Documentary hypothesis - the sources are lengthy documents which have been woven together by a series of editors who did little but weave the sources together. 3. Supplementary hypothesis - the Pentateuch grew like a snowball from one main source that subsequent editors have expanded down the centuries, adding extra material.

Source in Genesis 6 Sources in Genesis Fragmentary hypothesis - the Pentateuch was composed a large number of relatively short sources which were strung together by an editor or editors to form the long narratives. (Pre-Wellhausenian approach.)

Source in Genesis 7 P (The Priestly Source) 1. Of JED and P, P was the most precisely defined, still widely agreed to be a late documentary source. 2. P occurs in discrete blocks; whole chapters in Gen. 1, 4, 17, 23. Rarely interweaving with other sources (6-9 is unusual). 3. Questions about P a. All P material from the same source? b. A document or an editorial (supplement) layer? c. A late source from exilic times? Could it be earlier? Some recent views 1. P was just a later editorial addition and never an independent narrative document. (Cross, Rendtorff) 2. An early date of P has been proposed. (Israeli scholars)

Source in Genesis 8 New Literary Criticism 1. An approach to Genesis as a piece of literature in its own right. (Alter) 2. Emphases on literary skill of the author(s) and literary devices used in the narratives. a. The Joseph story (Redford, Coats) b. The Jacob stories (Fokkelmann, Fishbane) c. The P material (Strus) d. The Theme of the Pentateuch (Cline) 3. Concentration on the present final form of the text, not its historical stages - with different sources in mind. Exploration of the art and meaning of the Genesis stories. 4. Literary devices used a. dialogue b. direct speech c. mimesis (speechless acts)

Source in Genesis 9 New Literary Criticism... d. scenic composition e. type scenes f. key words g. exact repetition and repetition with variation h. groups of three i. chiasmus etc. 5. Synchronic approach instead of diachronic, literary instead of historical interest

Source in Genesis 10 Evaluation of the documentary hypothesis 1. It may be a good explanation for the formation of the whole of the Pentateuch. 3. It fails to explain composite stories like the Flood narrative in which P is the base text and J the supplement. J also supplemented the Joseph story: Gen Recent scholars have difficulties to identify the Joseph story. 5. Recent scholars tend to detach Deuteronomy from the Pentateuch and read it as the beginning of the so- called Deuteronomic history (Deut. – 2 Kings)