1 CIS / Introduction to Business GIS Winter 2005 Lecture 2 Dr. David Gadish

2 Lecture 1 Review  Course outline  Course web site  Student introduction  Introduction to GIS  The project

3 Lecture 2 Agenda  What is GIS? (Review)  Start Foundations of GIS –Focus on GIS data  Demo: City of LA Prototype  Hands-on exercises: –Chapter 3 – Exploring ArcMap –Chapter 4 – Exploring ArcCatalog (time permitting)  Your project

4 What Is GIS ?

5 What is GIS ?  G eographic I nformation S ystems –G  IS –Managing geographic space using information technology  Spatial Information Systems (SIS) –A better term? –Not widely used  Location-based Services (LBS) –Getting more and more popular –Focus on “services”

6 Benefits of GIS to an Organization  Decreased costs  Increased efficiencies  Increased customer satisfaction  Increased profits

7 Foundations of GIS

8  Data  Hardware  Software  Workflows  Science

9 GIS Procedures Data Hardware Software People Geographic Information System Science

10 Foundations of GIS Data

11 GIS Data - Key Concepts  Layers  Features  Surfaces  Shape  Size  Point  Line  Polygon  Coordinate System  Scale  Attributes  Records  Fields  Relations

12 Data Layers

13 GIS Data - Layers  GIS map vs. Paper map  GIS map contains layers: collections of geographic objects that are alike –See image on P-2  A layer may contain features or a surface –A layer that is a surface: “Oceans” in image on P-2 –A layer of features: cities, rivers…

14 Data Features

15 GIS Data - Features  A feature is a vector object –The Cities layer may have thousands of city features. –Features have shape and size  A feature can be represented as a point, line or shape.

16 GIS Data - Features  Point features: –Location represented as: (x,y) –cities, street lights  Line features: –Start (x0, y0),end ( x1, y1) –road, river

17 GIS Data - Features  Polygon feature: –(x0, y0), (x1,y1)… (xN,yN) where x0=xN and y0=yN –parcel outline, house outline

18 Data Surfaces

19 GIS Data - Surfaces  A layer may contain a surface  Also known as raster layer  This is an array (grid) of measured values for various locations on the earth’s surface  See 3 images at the bottom of P-3  Each grid cell represents a unit of surface area –E.g. 5meters X 5meters

20 Feature Location

21 GIS Data – Feature Location  Features have locations on earth  GIS uses a grid to place a feature in the appropriate location on the map  A coordinate system is a grid that has an origin (0,0) location  Locations are specified as (x,y) values at an x horizontal distance, and y vertical distance from the origin location –See figure on P-4

22 Scale of Displayed Features

23 GIS Data – Scale of Displayed Features  Can zoom in to see features at a closer range.  The zoom action changes the scale of the map  Scale: the relationship between the size of features on the map, and the size of the corresponding places in the real world  1:1,000,000 means features on map are one million times smaller than their true size –See figure on P-5

24 Attributes of Features

25 GIS Data – Feature’s Attributes  Information about features in a layer are stored in a table –The table has a record (row) for each feature in the layer –The table has a field (column) for each category of information – these categories are called attributes –The table is known as the attribute table of a layer (see image on bottom of P-6)

26 Relations between Features

27 GIS Data – Spatial Relations  Features have spatial relations  Can ask questions about features, but also can ask questions about relations between features: –E.g. which roads cross Main St. ? –Which state’s capital city is closest to LA ?

28 Examples of Data Layers

29 Common Feature Data Layers  Road centerline layer  Zip code polygon layer  Control layer  Survey layer  Property boundaries (cadastral) layer  Building outline layer  Others? Business related layers?

30 Common Surface Data Layers  Temperatures layer  Elevations layer  Terrain layer  Others?

31 More Foundations of GIS  Next week we will look at the remaining issues: –Hardware –Software –Workflows –Science

32 GIS Demo

33 Demo  Teaching Assistant: Juan Herrera  Demo of City of LA initial GIS Infrastructure Prototype

34 Hands-on Exercises Chapter 3 – Exploring ArcMap

35 Chapter 3 – Exploring ArcMap  ArcMap: map display, analysis and some editing.  Introduction to the interface of ArcMap (P- 15) –Main menu –Toolbars –Table of content (on left) –Map Display (on right)

36 Chapter 3 – Exploring ArcMap  Objectives: –3a: Display map data –3b: Navigate a map –3c: Looking at feature attributes

37 3a: Display Map Data  Start ArcMap  Open an existing map file:.mxd  Turn display of layers on/off  Zoom in / Zoom out  Pan  Identify features  View full extent

38 3b: Navigate a Map  Create / use bookmarks for navigation  Measure distances

39 3c: Looking at Feature Attributes  Open an attribute table corresponding to a later: –A feature on the map corresponds to an attribute in the attribute table –Select an attribute  corresponding feature selected (P-42)

40 Questions ?

41 Your Project

42 Your Project – Key Objectives  Apply the knowledge you gain in this course to a real-world organization.  Show how using the GIS technology you learn in this course improves a particular organization.  Select a company (or sector), research, determine and document the extent of its current use of GIS technology.  Propose new, GIS-related, ideas which will further enhance the organization (organization).

43 Your Project  Graduate students expected to explore their topics to a substantially greater depth then undergraduate students.  Individually meet with each student to define topic and scope.  Project proposal due just before class in 2 weeks.  5% of your final course grade.  Refer to the “Project Requirements” doc.

44 Your Turn: Hands-on  Project meeting with students while you do the hands-on exercises in the book.

45 Web Links

46 Web Sites of the Week  A gateway to many GIS resources  If you find interesting GIS links, me for inclusion in next lecture’s notes.

47 Looking Forward

48 Next Week’s Agenda  Continue: Foundations of GIS –(Data), Hardware, Software, Workflows, Science  A survey of the GIS industry (time permitting)  Hands-on exercises: –Chapter 8 – Querying Data (8a and 8b only) –Chapter 9 – Joining and Relating Tables (time permitting)