1 ELEN 602 Lecture 7 Review of last lecture –Select Repeat ARQ –Performance of different ARQ schemes Data link layer -- framing –HDLC –PPP.

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Presentation transcript:

1 ELEN 602 Lecture 7 Review of last lecture –Select Repeat ARQ –Performance of different ARQ schemes Data link layer -- framing –HDLC –PPP

2 B B C C A A B C A B C A MUX (a) (b) Trunk group Multiplexing

3 A C B f C f B f A f W W W (a) Individual signals occupy W Hz (b) Combined signal fits into channel bandwidth Frequency Division Multiplexing

4 (a) Each signal transmits 1 unit every 3T seconds (b) Combined signal transmits 1 unit every T seconds t A1A1 A2A2 t B1B1 B2B2 t C1C1 C2C2 3T3T 0T0T 6T6T 3T3T 0T0T 6T6T 3T3T 0T0T 6T6T t B1B1 C1C1 A2A2 C2C2 B2B2 A1A1 0T 1T 2T 3T 4T 5T 6T Time-division Multiplexing

MUX b1 2...b frame T-1 Carrier System

6 North American Digital Hierarchy 28 M13 Multiplex M23 Multiplex x7 Primary Multiplex Eg. Digital Switch 24 chan PCM M12 Multiplex x4 1 DS Mbps DS Mbps DS MbpsDS Mbps Basic Digital Hierarchy

t Timing in TDM Multiplexer

8 Low-Speed Mapping Function Medium Speed Mapping Function High- Speed Mapping Function DS DS1 DS2 CEPT-1 CEPT ATM 150 Mbps STS-1 STS-3c OC-n Scrambler E/O Mbps High- Speed Mapping Function Mux STS-n SONET Multiplexing

9 MUX DEMUX MUX DEMUX MUX DEMUX (a) pre-SONET multiplexing remove tributary insert tributary ADM remove tributary insert tributary (b) SONET Add-Drop multiplexing SONET add-drop multiplexing

10 a b c 3 ADMs physical loop net OC-3n SONET Ring Network

11 a b c logical fully-connected net (a) a b c 3 ADMs connected in physical ring topology OC-3n (b) Logical Networks

12 a b c d a b c d (a) Dual ring (b) Loop-around in response to fault Surviving Faults in SONET

13 Inter-Office Rings Metro Ring Regional Ring SONET Network Structure

m Optical MUX 1 2 m Optical deMUX 1 2. m Optical fiber Wavelength Division Multiplexing

15 (a) WDM chain network a b c d (b) WDM ring network a b c 3 ADMs Network Configuration using WDM