Energy Use in Ontario Homes Samveg Saxena Under the Supervision of Dr. Kamiel Gabriel Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science

Overview Effective conservation Ontario energy outlook Understanding energy in homes Home energy simulation

Conservation 1.Generate awareness 2.Present incentives 3.Provide the tools and expertise 4.Implement measures of conservation Goal: Understand energy usage in a home to identify effective areas of conservation Steps of an Effective Conservation Program

Energy Outlook Current generating capacity around 26,555 MW available All-time peak demand of 26,160 MW Extreme weather peaks: 26,931 MW Ontario is already facing a supply shortfall Background

Energy Outlook Distribution of Generation Data Source: “10 Year Outlook: An Assessment of the Adequacy of Generation & Transmission Facilities to Meet Future Electricity Needs in Ontario” – Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO)

Energy Outlook In the midst of a shortfall we are removing 6,434 MW of capacity from coal-fired GS Coal replacement plan only provides for 3,338 MW of new capacity Net difference  Loosing 3,096 MW Demand expected to rise by 0.9% per year Energy shortage

Energy Outlook Energy Forecast Source: “10 Year Outlook: An Assessment of the Adequacy of Generation & Transmission Facilities to Meet Future Electricity Needs in Ontario” – Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO)

Replacing Coal Effective at managing supply curve to match demand curves Units can be quickly started and stopped based on demand The Advantages of Coal

Replacing Coal Build new generating stations that can quickly respond to high and low demands Implement means of demand-side management to shift peak demand to off-peak hours Coal Replacement Options

Challenges Urgent need for additional generating capacity Major generation (ie. Nuclear or major hydro) can take up to 10 years to build Require IMMEDIATE decisions for creation of additional supply Require significant conservation efforts New Generating Stations

Energy in Homes Home can be considered a control volume Background Energy In: - Conduction - Convection - Radiation - Mass transport - Electricity - Natural gas Energy Out: - Conduction - Convection - Radiation - Mass transport - Appliances Energy flow can be simulated through extensive computational analysis

Energy in Homes Heat transfer - Conduction - Convection - Radiation Electricity usage (Power × time) Mass transport (measured in AC/h) Gas/oil, etc (mass flow × energy/kg) Energy Transfer

Energy in Homes Initial goal of project was to simulate energy flow through a home Literature survey revealed simulation tools already exist –Natural Resources Canada Buildings Group –CANMET Energy Technology Center Literature Survey

Conclusion Ontario grid is already strained Significant challenges in upcoming years Advanced simulation tools exist to understand energy usage in a home Significant conservation efforts will be required to ensure grid-stability