Economics 10/17/11 OBJECTIVE: Demonstration of Chapter#6 & examine the main sources of Federal Governmental Revenue. MCSS E I. Administrative Stuff -attendance & distribution of test II. Chapter#6 Test III. Journal #23 pt.A -Read “Profiles in Economics” p.237 -Answer questions (1-2) p.237 IV. Journal #23 pt.B -notes on federal taxes

The Week Ahead Today- Ch#6 Test Tomorrow-Extended 1 st Hour Wednesday-Delayed Start for 10th,11 th, & 12 th grades. -1 st Hour begins at 10:10 Thursday-Parent Teacher Conference 5-8PM Friday-Normal Day!

Simple v. Complex Taxes Individual income tax–the tax on people’s earnings–is a prime example of a complex tax. Sales tax–a general tax levied on most consumer purchases– is much simpler.

Sin Tax Often taxes are used to encourage or discourage certain types of activities. Sin taxes are designed to raise revenue and reduce consumption of a socially undesirable product.

Federal Taxes The federal government collects taxes from a number of sources. Individual Income Taxes Social Security Taxes Corporate Income Taxes Misc. Other Revenues

Individual Income Taxes In 1913 the 16 th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified, allowing Congress to levy an income tax Since then, the federal gov’t has relied heavily on the individual income tax–the tax on people’s earnings–to finance its operations The federal government collected about 48% of its total revenue from taxes on people’s earnings

Federal Government Revenue by Source Figure 9.4

Payroll & the IRS In most cases, the individual income tax is paid over time through a payroll withholding system This is a system that requires an employer to automatically deduct income taxes from an employee’s paycheck and send it directly to the government The agency that receives the tax payment is the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the branch of the U.S. Treasury Department in charge of collecting taxes

April 15 th After the close of the tax year on December 31, and before April 15 of the following year, the employee files a tax return. This annual report to the IRS summarizes total income, deductions, and the taxes withheld by employers. FYI-People who are self-employed are required to send quarterly estimates of their taxes to the Internal Revenue Service.

Income Tax is Progressive Figure 9.5

Single Individual Taxes Figure 9.6

Economics 10/18/11 OBJECTIVE: Examine the main sources of Federal Governmental Revenue. MCSS E I. Journal #24 pt.A -Read “Business Week Newsclip” p.243 -Answer questions (1-2) p.243 II. Return of Chapter#6 Test III. Quiz#13 IV. Journal #24 pt.B -notes on federal taxes V. Math Practice

Schedule Tomorrow 9th Graders & repeating 9th Graders normal start time 7:41AM 10th, 11th, & 12th Start at 10:10AM! 1st Hour 10:10-10:50 3rd Hour 10:55-12:20 -1st Lunch 10:55-11:20 -2nd Lunch 11:25-11:50 -3rd Lunch 11:55-12:20 2nd Hour 12:25-1:05 4th Hour 1:10-1:45 5th Hour 1:50-2:25

FICA FICA - Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax levied on both employers and employees to pay for Social Security and Medicare. Medicare - federal health-care program available to all senior citizens, regardless of income Employees and employers share equally in paying the tax for Social Security and Medicare Social Security tax is 13%. You pay 6.5% and your employer pays 6.5% payroll taxes - taxes that are deducted from your paycheck

Social Security & Medicare Since the Social Security tax is capped, it is proportional up to $76,200 and regressive thereafter More than 30 million senior citizens participate in Medicare. The Medicare component of FICA is taxed at a flat rate of 1.45 percent with no income cap.

Excise Taxes excise tax – a tax on the manufacture or sale of selected items, such as gasoline and liquor–is the fourth largest source of federal government revenue In 1991 Congress expanded the excise tax to include certain luxury goods An economic product is called a luxury good (or service) if the demand for the good rises faster than income when income grows

Luxury Tax At first, the 19% luxury tax was indexed to keep up with inflation and was applied to many goods The tax was unpopular, however, so boats, aircraft, jewelry, and furs were dropped in 1993 Later, Congress decided to phase out the luxury tax by the year

Estate taxes Estate tax - the tax the government levies on the transfer of property when a person dies Estate taxes can range from 18 to 55 percent of the value of the estate The estate tax and the gift tax are progressive taxes–the larger the estate or gift, the higher the tax rate

Sources of State & Local Revenue Figure 9.7

Economics 10/19/11 OBJECTIVE: Examine US Fiscal Policy. MCSS E I. Administration Stuff -attendance & MEAP schedule II. Econ U.S.A. episode#6 -Fiscal Policy -questions on film about fiscal policy NOTICE: Parent Teacher Conference Tomorrow 5-8PM

Today’s Schedule 3 rd Hour :55 (normal lunch times) (3 rd Lunch 11:25-11:55) 1 st Hour 12:00-12:40 2 nd Hour 12:45-1:15 4 th Hour 1:20-1:50 5 th Hour 1:55-2:25

Economics 10/20/11 OBJECTIVE: Examine the main sources of State and Local Governmental Revenue. MCSS E I. Journal #25 pt.A -Examine “Figure 9.8” p.240 -Answer the caption question p.240 -Examine “Figure 9.9” p.241 -Answer the caption question on p.241 II. Quiz #14 III. Journal #25 pt.B -notes on state & local taxes IV. Mindjogger -video quiz on Chapter#9

Sources of State & Local Revenue Figure 9.7

Intergovernmental Revenue The largest source of state revenue is the category called intergovernmental revenue These are funds collected by one level of government that are distributed to another level of government for expenditures They represent nearly one-quarter of all state revenues

Michigan Budget

Michigan Budget 2009

Crestwood School District Budget

Sales Tax The sales tax is a general tax levied on consumer purchases of nearly all products The sales tax is the second largest source of revenue for states, accounting for 21.7 percent of total revenues collected Many states levy taxes, fees, or other assessments on their employees to cover the cost of state retirement funds and pension plans

Remaining Revenues The remaining revenues that state governments collect are interest earnings on surplus funds, tuition collected from state-owned schools, corporate income taxes, and hospital fees For years, New Hampshire took pride in the fact that it had neither a sales tax nor an income tax The same is true for Alaska, Delaware, Montana, and Oregon–the other four states without a general sales tax

Public Lotteries The choice of tax is something that most states feel strongly about In the end, the choices that states face are like the choices individuals face– and we already know that there is no such thing as a free lunch Nearly three-fourths of the states run public lotteries to raise revenue

States with Lotteries

Property tax The second largest source of revenue for local governments is the property tax Property tax is a tax on tangible and intangible possessions such as real estate, buildings, furniture, automobiles, farm animals, stocks, bonds, and bank accounts The property tax that raises the most revenue is the tax on real estate

Personal Property Taxes on other personal property are seldom collected because of the problem of valuation Instead, most communities find it more efficient to hire one or more tax assessors–the people who assign value to property for tax purposes–to assess the value of a few big-ticket items like buildings

Public Utilities & Liquor The third largest source of local revenue is derived from the earnings of public utilities and state-owned liquor stores

Economics 10/21/11 OBJECTIVE: Examine the concepts related to taxes. MCSS E I. Chapter#9 Guided Readings Complete the following activities due today! -Chapter#9 section#1 Guided Reading -Chapter#9 section#2 Guided Reading -Chapter#9 section#3 Guided Reading -Chapter#9 Enrichment II. Chapter#9 Review -Review for Chapter#9 Test