B1051 Fundementals of Information Technology (Intro)

B1052 What is Information??? Opinion Science Knowledge

B1053 Going to the cinema; Hours Tranportation Costs Films Possible Seats????

B1054 How can we learn them? Newspapers Magazines Asking to someone else Internet Phone …..etc.

B1055 Information technology is... IT refers to the role of technology in gathering and using information Information is an increasingly important resource for businesses and individuals Computer and communications technologies are more powerful, flexible and cheaper than ever before

B1056 How can we learn them? Newspapers Magazines Think that we don’t know how to read-write? Internet Think that we don’t know how to use computers? Asking to someone else Phone …..etc. Think that we don’t know the speaken language?

B1057 IT is; All the technologies that we talked about and all the knowledge to use them. The main purpose is to know much to make better decisions.

B1058 Information technology is changing the face of... work education entertainment home life society It is said that we live in the Information Age

B1059 Information systems - examples The spreadsheet I use to record BİL158 marks An expert system used to diagnose car faults An executive information system that summarises the state of the business and compares with competitors A supermarket’s stock control system

B10510 Information systems System (usually computerised) that helps an organisation carry out its tasks and achieve its goals An Information System is a set of interrated parts that work together to produce, distribute, and use information products. Components: –hardware –software –data / information –people –procedures

B10511 What computers do A computer has just four basic operations: –receive data as input from the outside world –process this data –output useful information to the outside world –store data and information for further use It processes raw data to make useful information. But it can perform these operations very fast, accurately and reliably, and can store huge amounts of information

B10512

B10513 Hardware Hardware consists of: –input devices –output devices –processing (the CPU and main memory) –storage –communications hardware

B10514 Software Software (programs) is what makes the computer a general purpose tool - changing the software changes the function –Applications software - useful to the user eg. Word XP, games, a payroll system –Systems software - needed to ‘run’ the computer eg. Windows XP, Macintosh OS, anti-virus programs

B10515 People - the most important part of an information system Customers - ultimate users of the information system Workers and managers - use the information system to carry out their tasks Systems personnel - ensure the system runs effectively on a day-to-day basis Systems analysts/programmers - design and develop the information system End user developers

B10516 Evolution of computers and communication technology Institutional computing era (1950- ) –large expensive systems for basic organisational tasks Personal computing era (1975- ) –small, cheap desktop computers for personal use Today - interpersonal computing (1995- ) –networks of interconnected computers, the Internet and World Wide Web

B10517 Categories of computers Mainframes and supercomputers –large organisations: banks, airlines etc –powerful ‘number crunching’ for research –many users, connected via terminals enabling ‘timesharing’ –servers provide software and other resources to networked computers –Hence ‘enterprise’ server

B10518 Categories of computers Personal computers and workstations single user, for personal productivity often networked Workstations may be used as mid-range servers

B10519 Categories of computers Portable computers –laptops, notebooks, personal digital assistants (PDAs) in the form of palmtop and handheld computers Embedded computers –cars, microwave ovens, etc; sensors and control systems –are single-purpose, not general purpose

B10520 Trends - hardware Faster, smaller, more powerful processors More direct, easier to use input and output devices Larger storage capacity Faster, wider bandwidth communications media to transmit more information Linking computers together in networks - local area networks, wide area networks, the Internet

B10521 Trends - software Easy to use software, integration of different tools Multimedia is widespread System development is moving from the hands of the professionals to the end user Use of artificial intelligence

B10522 Trends - social the threat to personal privacy the hazards of high-tech crime and the difficulty of keeping data secure the difficulty of defining and protecting intellectual property the risks of failure of computer systems the dangers of dependence on complex technology