Sports Medicine Specialists Sports Injuries Dr Christopher Tong Sports Medicine Specialists 8/F AON China Building 29 Queens Road Central Hong Kong

Today’s talk Overview of sports medicine Review of anatomy General principles of sports injuries management including clinical examination lower limb injuries

Anatomy and Function

Symptoms of Meniscal tear Pain Locking Knee swelling Signs Knee effusion Joint line tenderness Apley grinding test McMurray test

Finished Product

Acute Knee Injury

Clinical Examination (Anatomical Knowledge Needed) Clinical Problem Clinical Examination (Anatomical Knowledge Needed) Diagnosis

Common Structures Damaged Cruciate ligaments Collateral ligaments Menisci Nerve (common peroneal)

Knee Arthroscopy

Normal ACL Ruptured ACL

Knee Arthroscopy

Management of acute knee injuries Rest Ice Compression Elevation Complete examination to diagnose structures damaged MRI or arthroscopy

Cartilage Injuries

The Challenge

Drilling

Replacement Osteochondral graft autograft, mosaicplasty, OATS allograft

Ankle Sprains

Ankle Sprain Ankle Sprain

Acute Management ? C C I ? E R ?

Common Peroneal Nerve Function Sensory Motor Anterior compartment (deep peroneal nerve) Lateral compartment (superficial peroneal nerve)

My Work PWH Orthopaedics Sports Team Hong Kong Sports Institute Knee and shoulder surgery 80% Foot and Ankle surgery 20% Hong Kong Sports Institute Honorary Sports Medicine Consultant Care of HK elite athletes

Scope of Sports Medicine Sports injuries and management Sports psychology Sports nutrition Physical conditioning and training Doping Medical aspects of sports medicine Rehabilitation Sports physiology

Multidisciplinary Team Sports physician Orthopaedic surgeon Sports psychologist Sports nutritionist Coaches Physiotherapists Sports physiologist

Sports physician Overall care of athlete Medical aspects Non-operative aspects of sports injuries Team doctor and travel medicine Liaison role with other specialists

Sports psychology Enhance performance 100 m sprinter vs. Olympic archer Injury prevention and rehabilitation Tools: Relaxation techniques Goal setting Visualization

Sports nutritionist Macronutrients Micronutrients Fluid balance CHO, lipids, protein Micronutrients Vitamins, minerals, antioxidants Fluid balance Supplements Creatine, bicarbonates, caffeine

Doping Blood doping Anabolic steroids Erythropoietin Growth hormone Stimulants e.g. amphetamines Diuretics

Coaching Fitness Injury prevention Strength training Speed Endurance Flexibility Injury prevention

Principles of training Progressive overload Specificity Periodization Tapering

Progressive overload Overuse injuries are often the result of training which is ‘too much, too soon’. Training load: Frequency Duration Intensity

Sports physiology Energy systems Muscle physiology Anaerobic Aerobic ATP + phosphocreatine system Glycolytic system Aerobic Carbohydrate oxidation Fat oxidation Muscle physiology Training implications

Multidisciplinary business Sports Medicine Multidisciplinary business