Fisheries & Aquaculture Steven Andrews

Overview Fisheries are major source of protein >15% of animal protein Capture fisheries have peaked ~90 million tons per year. Aquaculture sector growing > 50 million tons per year (production) > 60 billion USD (value) Asia dominates production >90% (by weight) and > 80% of (by value) Trade at record levels > 55.2 Billion USD in 2000 > 80% of imports by Developed Countries Source: State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2002 /

Production and Use Statistics Source: State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2002 FAO http://www.fao.org/sof/sofia/

Aquaculture has a 4,000 year long history Aquaculture Intro Aquaculture has a 4,000 year long history 262 different species of fish, crustacean, and mollusk produced Variety of cultured species is increasing. Freshwater finfish dominates production by volume Chinese and Indian carp species (>50%) Mollusks (~25%) and aquatic plants (~20%) Source: Small Ponds Make A Big Difference (2000) FAO Document Repository online: http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/docrep/003/x7156e/x7156e00.htm

-Tiger Prawns alone had a production value of US$3.5 billion (1997) Shrimp and Salmon Crustaceans including shrimp are low volume, high value, and high environmental impact species -Tiger Prawns alone had a production value of US$3.5 billion (1997) Carnivorous species including shrimp and Salmon results in an increase in the use of fish feeds and oils in the farming process Shift from extensive to intensive methods Source: Small Ponds Make A Big Difference (2000) FAO Document Repository

Trade in Fish and Fishery Products Shrimp and prawns, salmon, and mollusks most important species tilapia and sea bass seeing strong growth Shrimp is considered a luxury product Largest importers are Japan, the United States, and Europe Thailand, Ecuador, Indonesia, India, Mexico, Bangladesh, and Vietnam are largest exporters Growth in trade means more processing ~60% fisheries production was processed. Source: State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2002

Environmental Impacts Global fish stocks at historically low levels Aquaculture often has severe environmental impacts. Shrimp and farmed salmon are two species listed for the negative impacts by the Audubon Society and the World Conservation Society Source: World Conservation Society

Environmental Impacts Overview Extensive vs. Semi-Intensive vs. Intensive Salmon Aquaculture Waste and Nutrient Loading Increased pressure on Wild Fisheries Interactions Between Wild and Farmed Fish Vectors of Disease Shrimp Aquaculture Destruction of Coastal Habitats Capture of Larvae and Brood Stock from Wild Over reliance on Fish Meals and Fish Oil in Feeds Pollution from Effluents 1 kg of salmon can be produced with as little as .9 to 1.1 kg of feed and only .27 to 1.1 kg of waste Source: Clay (2004) World Agriculture and the Environment