No-till transplanting processing tomatoes into cotton residue Five Points, CA 2003 No-till transplanting processing tomatoes into cotton residue Five Points, CA 2003

Surface residue in CTCC system Five Points, CA 2003 Surface residue in CTCC system Five Points, CA 2003 Rye / triticale / vetch cover crop in CTCC system Five Points, CA 2000

DiscChisel List Beds Clean Furrows Compact Furrows Spray Treflan Lilliston Chain Beds Plant Cover Crop Mow Cover Crop Spray Roundup Plant Cotton Fertilize***Cultivate Spray Grnd-Insctcds/Grwth Reg Spray Grnd-Custom: Defoliants Spray Air-Custom:Insecticides Harvest Times over field XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX20 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX20XXXXXXXXX9XXXXXXXXXXX11 No cover Cover Standard Tillage* Conservation Tillage** Comparison of Standard and Conservation Tillage Costs and Resource Use - Cotton 2001 Operation *30” rows **60” rows ***Applied with irrigation water

Tomato yields 2000 – 2004 (tons/acre) STNO STCC CTNO CTCC

Cotton yields 2000 – 2005 (lbs lint/acre) STNO 360 a a 1228 ab 2217a1528 STCC 360 a a 1336 a 1990 ab1595 CTNO 200 a b 1058 b 1816 bc1498 CTCC 372 a c 1157 ab 1486 c1528

0-15 cm cm CTCCSTCCCTNOSTNO Treatment Total Carbon After 4 years: Total C change in kg C/ha-30cm CTCC — STCC — CTNO — STNO —

Treatment Size Fraction Land Preparation DiscChisel List Beds Ringroll Beds Power Incorporate Plant Cover Crop Mow/Chop Cvr Crop Compact Furrow Subtotal In Season Operations SprayLilliston Cultivate Tomato Cultivate Cotton SubtotalTotal Dust Production by Treatment and Operation (µg/L) *There were detectable dust measurements for these operations, but they rounded to 0 with this number of significant figures. Resp Total Total trace* Total57580Total246Total Total STNOSTCCCTNOCTCC

Planting / Harvest Plant Cotton Transplant Tomato Clean Furrow Shred-BedMowUndercut Harvest Cotton SubtotalCumulative Dust Production Dust Production by Treatment and Operation (µg/L) (continued) *There were detectable dust measurements for these operations, but they rounded to 0 with this number of significant figures. trace* STNO STCCCTNOCTCC

Reduced tillage can cut fuel-CO 2 emissions by half Integration of reduced tillage with cover cropping! Greenhouse gas budget: Five Points Six et al., 2005

Standard tillage land preparation following alfalfa or winter forage consisting of disking cross checks prior to broadcast disking entire field

No-till planting corn into wheat forage residue Turlock, CA 2005

Sampling agricultural dust emissions Dairy corn production field, Tipton, CA 2004

Harvesting winter forage wheat, strip-tilling and planting corn, Tipton, CA, May 2005

Barcellos Farms, Tipton, CA CT emissions reduced 93% CT emissions reduced 88%

Mike Nutcher Western Stanislaus County 350 acres of forage 1200 cows

Unverferth “Ripper Stripper” 6 row 30 inch strip till implement

Conventional 6 row corn planter following strip till operation

Comparison of Costs Strip Tillage to Conventional Tillage Strip tillage A) strip till pass $15.00 per acre B) planting pass $15.00 per acre Conventional tillage A) discing pass $10.00 per acre B) ripping pass $18.00 per acre C) discing pass $10.00 per acre D) pre-irrigation $8.00-$15.00 per acre E) finish tool pass$12.00 per acre F) planting pass $15.00 per acre

Conservation Tillage planting and postharvest stalk management study Borba Farms, Riverdale, CA Conservation Tillage planting and postharvest stalk management study Borba Farms, Riverdale, CA Cover crop was sprayed or sprayed and chopped Cover crop was sprayed or sprayed and chopped Ridge-till planting Strip-tilling ahead of planting Strip-tilling ahead of planting

Spray glyphosate herbicide to kill cover crop Chop cover crop Disk Chisel Disk List beds Plant cotton Ring roll Apply glyphosate over the top Cultivate Harvest cotton Shred stalks Disk Subsoil / relist beds Spray glyphosate herbicide to kill cover crop Chop cover crop No-till plant cotton with JD 1430 planter Ridge-till plant cotton with Buffalo 8000 planter Strip-till seed bed Apply glyphosate over the top Plant cotton Cultivate Harvest cotton Shred stalks Harvest cotton Shred stalks Root pull stalks and/or Terratill subsoiler with rotaty harrows to relist beds System 1System 2System 3System 4System 5System 6System 7 Standard till No-till chopped cover No-till no chop Ridge-till cover chopped Ridge-till no- chop Cover choppedStrip-till no-chop Preplant and postharvest operations used in tillage systems evaluation at Borba Farms, Riverdale, CA,

Pounds of cotton lint / acre for cotton tillage systems evaluation at Borba Farms, Riverdale, CA, Standard tillage No-till chopped cover crop No-till sprayed cover crop Ridge-till chopped cover crop Ridge-till sprayed cover crop Strip-till chopped cover crop Strip-till sprayed cover crop 1183 abc 1081 bc 1292 ab 1229 abc 993 c 1352 a 1262 ab 1258 a 1215 a 709 b 809 b 1311 a 1278 a 1223 a 1156 ns 1283 ns 1291 ns 1258 ns 1303 ns 1365 ns 1340 ns

Comparison of cover crop and tillage system tractor operations, estimated fuel use and production costs per acre Standard tillage No-till chopped cover crop No-till sprayed cover crop Ridge-till chopped cover crop Ridge-till sprayed cover crop Strip-till chopped cover crop Strip-till sprayed cover crop $237 $199 $195 $199 $195 $204 $200 Times over field Gallons of fuel Total operating costs Farming System

No-till planting of winter forage into alfalfa Riverdale, CA 2002

No-till drilling sorghum sudan into corn forage residue Tipton, CA 2005

Strip-tilling into burned down alfalfa Helm, CA 2005