1 Behavioral Health/Juvenile Justice (BH/JJ) Evaluation Report ( ) Presented by Jeff Kretschmar, Ph.D. Project Director: Institute for the Study and Prevention of Violence Kent State University

2 Descriptive Data  455 enrolled Cuyahoga – 36 Fairfield – 13 Franklin – 120 Logan Champaign – 55 Montgomery – 67 Union – 21  Gender Males – 50.3% Females – 49.7%  Average Age = 15.2 years  Race Caucasians – 65.5% African Americans – 28.1%

3 Custody Arrangement of BHJJ Youth CustodyFrequency Two Biological Parents or One Biological and One Step or Adoptive Parent 17.4% (n = 75) Biological Mother Only54.3% (n = 234) Biological Father Only10.7% (n = 46) Adoptive Parent(s)3.5% (n = 15) Aunt/Uncle2.1% (n = 9) Grandparents7.9% (n = 34)

4 Caregiver Education Grade LevelFrequency 60.7% (n = 3) 71.0% (n = 4) 82.1% (n = 9) 94.3% (n = 18) 106.7% (n = 28) 118.6% (n = 36) % (n = 182) 138.4% (n = 35) % (n = 83) 152.6% (n = 11) 161.0% (n = 4) 171.2% (n = 5) 180.2% (n = 1)

5 Household Income Frequency Less than $ % (n = 48) $ $ % (n = 43) $ $ % (n = 42) $ $ % (n = 54) $ $24999 (average)13.2% (n = 54) $ $ % (n = 50) $ $ % (n = 64) $ $ % (n = 29) $ $ % (n = 13) $ and over3.2% (n = 13)

6 Victimization Data QuestionFemalesMales Has the child ever been physically abused? 26%17% Has the child ever been sexually abused?36%6% Has the child ever had a problem with substance abuse? 44%40% Has the child ever talked about committing suicide? 51%37% Has the child ever attempted suicide?25%10% Has the child ever run away from home?55%30% Has the child ever witnessed domestic violence? 51%41%

7 Family History FemalesMales Has anyone in the child’s biological family ever been diagnosed with depression or shown signs of depression? 70%56% Has the child ever lived in a household in which someone has shown signs of being depressed? 67%51% Has anyone in the child’s biological family had a mental illness, other than depression? 47%34% Other than depression, has the child ever lived in a household in which someone had a mental illness? 31%22% Has the child ever lived in a household in which someone was convicted of a crime? 47%37% Has anyone in the child’s biological family had a drinking or drug problem? 69%58%

8 DSM-IV Diagnoses  771 total Axis 1 Diagnoses (1.69 per youth)  Females: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (29%) Cannabis Abuse (24%) Major Depression (19.5%) ADHD (19%) Adjustment Disorder (16%)  Males: ADHD (26%) Cannabis Abuse (23%) Conduct Disorder (22%) Oppositional Defiant Disorder (21%) Major Depression (12%)

9 Diagnoses  At intake, 30.4% of the children were already on medication for emotional/behavioral symptoms Seroquel (5.6%), Abilify (5.3%), and Concerta (5.1%)  At intake, 25.9% of the youth had co- occurring mental health and substance abuse diagnoses  At intake, 4.2% of youth had ONLY a substance abuse diagnosis

10 Substance Abuse % Yes Average Age of First Use Have you ever had an alcoholic beverage?66%12.98 Have you ever been drunk?69% Have you ever smoked a cigarette?69%12.09 Have you ever smoked marijuana?70%12.91 Have you ever used painkillers (without a prescription)? 15%14.67 Have you ever used cocaine?14%14.18 Have you ever used ecstasy?8.5%15.64

11 In the past 30 days, how many days have you used:

12 Ohio Scales – Problem Severity * statistically significant differences between Intake and 3, 6, and 9 months (lower scores indicate less problem severity)

13 Problem Severity Scores from Intake to Discharge (lower scores indicate less problem severity) * statistically significant differences between Intake and Discharge for all raters

14 Ohio Scales - Functioning *statistically significant differences between Intake and 3, 6, and 9 months (higher scores indicate better functioning)

15 Ohio Scales – Functioning Scores from Intake to Discharge *statistically significant differences between Intake and Discharge (higher scores indicate better functioning)

16 Ohio Scales - Satisfaction *statistically significant differences between Intake and 3 and 6 months (lower scores indicate more satisfaction)

17 Ohio Scales – Satisfaction Scores from Intake to Discharge *statistically significant differences between Intake and Discharge (lower scores indicate more satisfaction)

18 Ohio Scales - Hopefulness *statistically significant differences between Intake and 3 months for both raters ** statistically significant differences between Intake and 3, 6, and 9 months for Parent version (lower scores indicate more hopefulness)

19 Ohio Scales – Hopefulness from Intake to Discharge *statistically significant differences between Intake and Discharge (lower scores indicate more hopefulness)

20 Trauma Symptoms  The Trauma Symptoms Checklist for Children (TSCC) is a 54-item Likert-type questionnaire containing six subscales designed to measure anxiety, anger, depression, posttraumatic stress, dissociation, and sexual concerns (Briere, 1996). SubscaleIntakeDischarge Anxiety4.76 (SD = 3.64)2.23 (SD = 2.74)* Anger7.73 (SD = 5.51)5.47 (SD = 5.18)* Depression6.29 (SD = 4.10)3.37 (SD = 3.97)* Dissociation6.84 (SD = 4.51)4.02 (SD = 4.53)* PTSD7.14 (SD = 4.17)4.00 (SD = 3.77)* Sexual Concerns4.05 (SD = 4.66)2.47 (SD = 3.86)* * Significant improvement from Intake to Discharge

21 Discharge  119 children discharged from BHJJ 45% successfully completed treatment 19% Client withdrew/rejected services 14% moved 3% out of home placement 18% Other (aged out, AWOL, changes in custody, transferred to different program, etc.)  Out of 455 youth, only 2 (.004%) have been referred to DYS. These two females were taken out of DYS and placed in BHJJ as a step-down.

22 Juvenile Court Data  The BHJJ youth accounted for 2050 charges prior to Intake (55% misdemeanors, 29% status offenses, 12% felonies) Assault (10%) Domestic Violence (8%) Theft (8%)  After Intake, 140 (30.7%) youth accounted for 353 new charges (60% misdemeanors, 20% status offenses, 14% felonies) Assault (11%) Disorderly Conduct (8%) Domestic Violence (6%)