McGraw-Hill/Irwin ©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved CHAPTER 7 NETWORKS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, AND WIRELESS COMPUTING Opening Case The Digital Hospital NETWORKS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, AND WIRELESS COMPUTING Opening Case The Digital Hospital

7-2 Chapter Seven Overview SECTION 7.1 – NETWORKS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS –Network Basics –Architecture –Topology –Protocols –Media –E-Business Networks SECTION 7.2 – WIRELESS COMPUTING –Wireless Fidelity –Business Drivers for Wireless Technologies –Advantages of Enterprise Mobility –The Future of Wireless

McGraw-Hill/Irwin ©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved SECTION 7.1 NETWORKS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

7-4 LEARNING OUTCOMES 1.Compare LANs, WANs, and MANs 2.List and describe the four components that differentiate networks 3.Compare the two types of network architectures

7-5 LEARNING OUTCOMES 4.Explain topology and the different types found in networks 5.Describe TCP/IP along with its primary purpose 6.Identify the different media types found in networks

7-6 NETWORK BASICS Telecommunication system - enable the transmission of data over public or private networks Network - a communications, data exchange, and resource-sharing system created by linking two or more computers and establishing standards, or protocols, so that they can work together

7-7 NETWORK BASICS The three types of networks include: –Local area network (LAN) –Metropolitan area network (MAN) –Wide area network (WAN)

7-8 NETWORK BASICS

7-9 NETWORK BASICS Networks are differentiated by the following: –Architecture - peer-to-peer, client/server –Topology - bus, star, ring, hybrid, wireless –Protocols - Ethernet, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) –Media - coaxial, twisted-pair, fiber-optic

7-10 ARCHITECTURE There are two primary types of architectures –Peer-to-peer (P2P) network –Client/server network

7-11 Peer-to-Peer Networks Peer-to-peer (P2P) network - any network without a central file server and in which all computers in the network have access to the public files located on all other workstations

7-12 Client/Server Networks Client - a computer that is designed to request information from a server Server - a computer that is dedicated to providing information in response to external requests –Client/server network - model for applications in which the bulk of the back-end processing takes place on a server, while the front-end processing is handled by the clients

7-13 Client/Server Networks Network operating system (NOS) - the operating system that runs a network, steering information between computers and managing security and users Packet-switching - occurs when the sending computer divides a message into a number of efficiently sized units called packets, each of which contains the address of the destination computer Router - an intelligent connecting device that examines each packet of data it receives and then decides which way to send it onward toward its destination

7-14 Client/Server Networks Client/Server network

7-15 Client/Server Networks Worldwide router growth

7-16 TOPOLOGY Network topology - refers to the geometric arrangement of the actual physical organization of the computers and other network devices) in a network –Bus –Star –Ring –Hybrid –Wireless

7-17 TOPOLOGY

7-18 PROTOCOLS Protocol - a standard that specifies the format of data as well as the rules to be followed during transmission Interoperability - the capability of two or more computer systems to share data and resources, even though they are made by different manufacturers

7-19 Ethernet Ethernet - a physical and data layer technology for LAN networking

7-20 Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) - provides the technical foundation for the public Internet as well as for large numbers of private network

7-21 Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol TCP/IP applications –File transfer protocol (FTP) –Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) –Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) –Simple network management Protocol (SNMP)

7-22 Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol

7-23 Voice over IP (VoIP) Voice over IP (VoIP) - uses TCP/IP technology to transmit voice calls over long-distance telephone lines

7-24 MEDIA Network transmission media - refers to the various types of media used to carry the signal between computers –Wire media (guided) –Wireless media (unguided)

7-25 Wire Media Wire media - transmission material manufactured so that signals will be confined to a narrow path and will behave predictably Three most commonly used types include: 1.Twisted-pair wiring 2.Coaxial cable 3.Fiber optic (or optical fiber)

7-26 Wire Media

7-27 Wireless Media Wireless media - natural parts of the Earth’s environment that can be used as physical paths to carry electrical signals

7-28 E-BUSINESS NETWORKS

7-29 E-BUSINESS NETWORKS Virtual private network (VPN) - a way to use the public telecommunication infrastructure (e.g., Internet) to provide secure access to an organization’s network Valued-added network (VAN) - a private network, provided by a third party, for exchanging information through a high capacity connection

7-30 OPENING CASE QUESTIONS The Digital Hospital 1.Explain how hospitals are using telecommunication and network technologies to improve their operations 2.Describe the two different types of network architectures and identify which one Hackensack University Medical Center is using 3.Explain TCP/IP and the role it plays in Hackensack University Medical Center’s IT projects 4.Identify a new telecommunication or network product that Hackensack University Medical Center could use to improve its operations

McGraw-Hill/Irwin ©2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved SECTION 7.2 WIRELESS COMPUTING

7-32 LEARNING OUTCOMES 7.Explain how a wireless device helps an organization conduct business anytime, anywhere, anyplace 8.Describe RFID and how it can be used to help make a supply chain more effective 9.List and discuss the key factors inspiring the growth of wireless technologies 10.Describe the business benefits associated with a mobile enterprise

7-33 WIRELESS FIDELITY (WI-FI) Wireless fidelity (wi-fi) – a means of linking computers using infrared or radio signals Common examples of wireless devices include: –Cellular phones and pagers –Global positioning systems (GPS) –Cordless computer peripherals –Home-entertainment-system control boxes –Two-way radios –Satellite television

7-34 WIRELESS FIDELITY (WI-FI) Disruptive wireless technologies –WiMax wireless broadband –Radio frequency identification tags (RFID) –Micro hard drives –Apple’s G5 and AMD’s Athlon 64 processors

7-35 The Value of Timely Information Timeliness is an aspect of information that depends on the situation –Real-time information – immediate, up-to- date information –Real-time system – provides real-time information in response to query requests

7-36 The Value of Timely Information Real-time systems help organizations make faster and more effective decisions

7-37 BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES Mobile and wireless are often used synonymously, but actually denote two different technologies –Mobile technology - means the technology can travel with the user, but it is not necessarily in real-time –Wireless technology - gives users a live (Internet) connection via satellite or radio transmitters

7-38 BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES Drivers of wireless technology growth include: –Universal access to information and applications –The automation of business processes –User convenience, timeliness, and ability to conduct business 24x7

7-39 BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES

7-40 BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES Wireless devices changing business include: –Wireless local area network (wLAN) –Cellular phones and pagers –Cordless computer peripherals –Satellite television –WiMax wireless broadband –Security sensor

7-41 ADVANTAGES OF ENTERPRISE MOBILITY

7-42 Bluetooth Bluetooth – an omnidirectional wireless technology that provides limited-range voice and data transmission over the unlicensed 2.4-GHz frequency band, allowing connections with a wide variety of fixed and portable devices that normally would have to be cabled together

7-43 Radio Frequency Identification Radio frequency identification (RFID) - use active or passive tags in the form of chips or smart labels that can store unique identifiers and relay this information to electronic readers RFID tag - contains a microchip and an antenna, and typically work by transmitting a serial number via radio waves to an electronic reader, which confirms the identity of a person or object bearing the tag

7-44 RFID

7-45 RFID

7-46 Satellite Microware transmitter – commonly used to transmit network signals over great distances

7-47 Global Positioning System Global positioning system (GPS) – a device that determines current latitude, longitude, speed, and direction of movement –Market for GPS services is at $5 billion with expectations for the demand to double over the next five years Geographic information system (GIS) – designed to work with information that can be shown on a map

7-48 THE FUTURE OF WIRELESS

7-49 OPENING CASE QUESTIONS The Digital Hospital 5.Why is real-time information important to hospitals? 6.How is Hackensack University Medical Center using wireless technology to improve its operations? 7.Identify three wireless technologies that are changing the way businesses operate and explain how hospitals can use these technologies to improve their operations

7-50 CLOSING CASE ONE Tracking Students 1.Explain the fundamentals of RFID and how it is being used to track students 2.Describe the ethical dilemmas involved with tracking students with RFID 3.Identify two types of wireless business opportunities schools could take advantage of to help improve operations

7-51 CLOSING CASE ONE Tracking Students 4.How could RFID help schools deal with potential security issues? 5.Develop a Bluetooth, GPS, or satellite product that schools could use to improve operations 6.Determine a way that schools could use RFID tags without violating privacy rights

7-52 CLOSING CASE TWO UPS versus FedEx 1.Explain the fundamentals of wireless fidelity 2.Describe the differences between UPS and FedEx’s use of wi-fi 3.Identify two types of wireless business opportunities the companies could use to gain a competitive advantage

7-53 CLOSING CASE TWO UPS versus FedEx 4.How could RFID could help the companies deal with potential security issues? 5.Develop a Bluetooth, GPS, or satellite product that the parcel delivery business could use to improve efficiencies

7-54 CLOSING CASE THREE Prada 1.Would you consider Prada’s use of technology cutting-edge? Why or why not? 2.Prada’s attempt to use RFID to check inventory in real time failed because of the staff’s refusal to use the system. What could Prada have done to make the implementation of RFID successful? 3.Identify an additional strategic use of RFID for Prada’s high-tech store

7-55 CLOSING CASE THREE Prada 4.What should Prada do differently when designing its next store to ensure its success? 5.Identify a new use of wireless technology for Prada’s next store