SHINING PATH Liliana Cadena Sher’rie Gonzales CRJU 477
What is the Shining Path? Origin: Peru, South America Translation of “Sendero Luminoso” (SL) Maoist guerrilla organization Established in late 1960’s Founder: Abimael Guzman Reynoso
Founder Abimael Guzman Philosophy Professor: San Augustine University, Arequipa Used profession to entice students’ interest
Maoist Theory Emphasis on Revolutionary Mass Mobilization Mobilizing and organizing peasantry Organizing rural base areas and increased coordination among guerilla organizations Transition to conventional warfare “Political power comes from the barrel of the gun.”
Secret Meetings Known as Central Committee Held in Ayacucho Formed Revolutionary Directorate Ordered militias to start “armed struggle”
First Military School Militants composed of ordinary people; not professional soldiers Taught military tactics and weapons use
First “act of war” First Presidential election in over 12 years Shining Path declined participation Launched a guerilla war in Ayacucho May 17,1980 burned ballot boxes
Group Motto “Long live the People’s War” “It is right to rebel” Destruction of existing institutions Restructure under communist ideals
Violence on the rise SENDERO LUMINOSO: Responsible for nearly 50% of deaths between 1980 and GOVERNMENT FORCES: Believed to be responsible for roughly half the 60,000 deaths or “disappearances” between MRTA (MOVIMIENTO REVOLUCIONARIO TUPAC AMARU): Responsible for just 3% of killings by insurgents
Terrorist Tactics “Popular trials” Slitting throats (machetes), strangulation, stoning and burning stoning and burning Car bombs Assassinations
Terrorist Activity Sabotaged electrical towers in Lima, set fire to Bayer Industrial Plant Blew up electrical towers, detonated car bombs at government palace and justice palace Assassination attempt on President of Peruvian National Electoral Council 1991 – Controlled majority of central and southern Peru, and Lima Estimated membership of 10,000
Terrorist Activity (cont.) Killed three priests Assassination of Maria Elena Moyano, a notable community organizer notable community organizer 2002 – U.S. Embassy car bombing precedes visit of President Bush 9 Fatalities; 30 Injuries 2005 – Ambushed police patrol 8 Fatalities; 2 Injuries
Decline September 12, Guzman arrested on charges of terrorism and treason Sentenced to life in prison 1999 – Successor, Oscar Ramirez, captured Sentenced to life in prison Retrial: 24 year sentence Peasants formed anti-Shining Path brigades (Rondas)
Current Leader Comrade Artemio CIA World Factbook lists identity as Gabriel Macario No verifiable information on Comrade Artemio Current membership estimated at
Quote from Abimael “I am a revolutionary combatant and totally reject being a terrorist.” - Shining Path founder: Abimael Guzman Reynoso
Video Clip MeSqFBI MeSqFBI MeSqFBI
References Council on Foreign Relations. (2005). Shining Path, Tupac Amaru (Peru, leftists). Retrieved January 31, 2007, from /9276/ /9276/ /9276/ Human Rights Watch Report. (2006, July). Alan Garcia’s Second Chance: Human Rights Accountability in Peru. Retrieved February 08, 2007, from /peru0806.pdf Human Rights Watch Report. (2005, January). Country Summary, Peru. Retrieved January 31, 2007, from TKB Data Service. (2006). Shining Path. Retrieved from /Group.jsp?groupID=111 /Group.jsp?groupID=111http:// /Group.jsp?groupID=111 Wilkipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. (2007). Maoism. Retrieved February 08, 2007, from Wilkipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. (2007). Shining Path. Retrieved February 08, 2007, from org/w /index.php?title= Shining_Path&oldid= org/w /index.php?title= Shining_Path&oldid= http://en.wikipedia. org/w /index.php?title= Shining_Path&oldid=