DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-1 David M. Kroenke’s Chapter Two: Introduction to Structured Query Language Part Two Database Processing: Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-2 Using MS Access

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-3 Using MS Access (Ctd)

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-4 Using MS Access (Ctd)

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-5 Using MS Access - Results

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-6 Using MS SQL Server [SQL Query Analyzer]

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-7 Using Oracle [SQL*Plus]

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-8 Using MySQL [MySQL Command Line Client]

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-9 Using MySQL [MySQL Query Browser]MySQL Query Browser

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-10 Sorting the Results: ORDER BY SELECT* FROMORDER_ITEM ORDER BYOrderNumber; OrderNumberSKUQuantityPriceExtendedPrice $ $ $50.00$ $50.00$ $ $50.00$ $50.00

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-11 Sorting the Results: ORDER BY SELECT* FROMORDER_ITEM ORDER BYOrderNumber, Price;

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-12 Sort Order: Ascending and Descending SELECT* FROMORDER_ITEM ORDER BYPrice DESC, OrderNumber ASC; NOTE: The default sort order is ASC – does not have to be specified.

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-13 WHERE Clause Options: AND SELECT* FROMSKU_DATA WHEREDepartment = 'Water Sports' ANDBuyer = 'Nancy Meyers';

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-14 WHERE Clause Options: OR SELECT* FROMSKU_DATA WHEREDepartment = 'Camping' ORDepartment = 'Climbing';

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-15 WHERE Clause Options: IN SELECT* FROMSKU_DATA WHEREBuyer IN ('Nancy Meyers', 'Cindy Lo', 'Jerry Martin');

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-16 WHERE Clause Options: NOT IN SELECT* FROMSKU_DATA WHEREBuyer NOT IN ('Nancy Meyers', 'Cindy Lo', 'Jerry Martin');

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-17 WHERE Clause Options: Ranges with BETWEEN SELECT* FROMORDER_ITEM WHEREExtendedPrice BETWEEN 100 AND 200;

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-18 WHERE Clause Options: Ranges with Math Symbols SELECT* FROMORDER_ITEM WHEREExtendedPrice >= 100 AND ExtendedPrice <= 200;

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-19 WHERE Clause Options: LIKE and Wildcards The SQL keyword LIKE can be combined with wildcard symbols: –SQL 92 Standard (SQL Server, Oracle, etc.): _ = Exactly one character % = Any set of one or more characters –MS Access (based on MS DOS) ? = Exactly one character * = Any set of one or more characters

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-20 WHERE Clause Options: LIKE and Wildcards (Continued) SELECT* FROMSKU_DATA WHEREBuyer LIKE 'Pete%';

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-21 WHERE Clause Options: LIKE and Wildcards (Continued) SELECT* FROMSKU_DATA WHERESKU_Description LIKE '%Tent%';

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-22 WHERE Clause Options: LIKE and Wildcards SELECT* FROMSKU_DATA WHERESKU LIKE '%2__';

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-23 SQL Built-in Functions There are five SQL Built-in Functions: –COUNT –SUM –AVG –MIN –MAX

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-24 SUM SELECTSUM (ExtendedPrice) ASOrder3000Sum FROMORDER_ITEM WHEREOrderNumber = 3000;

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-25 Multiple Built-in Functions SELECTSUM (ExtendedPrice) AS OrderItemSum, AVG (ExtendedPrice) AS OrderItemAvg, MIN (ExtendedPrice) AS OrderItemMin, MAX (ExtendedPrice) AS OrderItemMax FROMORDER_ITEM;

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-26 COUNT SELECTCOUNT(*) AS NumRows FROMORDER_ITEM;

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-27 COUNT DISTINCT SELECTCOUNT (DISTINCT Department) AS DeptCount FROMSKU_DATA;

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-28 Arithmetic SELECTQuantity * Price AS EP, ExtendedPrice FROMORDER_ITEM;

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-29 String Functions SELECTDISTINCT RTRIM (Buyer) + ' in ' + RTRIM (Department) AS Sponsor FROMSKU_DATA;

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-30 GROUP BY SELECTDepartment, COUNT(*)AS Dept_SKU_Count FROMSKU_DATA GROUP BY Department; DepartmentDept_SKU_Count Camping2 Climbing2 Water Sports4

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-31 GROUP BY SELECTDepartment, Buyer, COUNT(*) AS Dept_Buyer_SKU_Count FROMSKU_DATA GROUP BY Department, Buyer;

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-32 GROUP BY and ORDER BY SELECTDepartment, COUNT(*) AS Dept_SKU_Count FROMSKU_DATA WHERESKU <> GROUP BY Department ORDER BY Dept_SKU_Count;

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-33 HAVING SELECTDepartment, COUNT(*) AS Dept_SKU_Count FROMSKU_DATA WHERESKU <> GROUP BY Department HAVING COUNT (*) > 1;

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-34 Querying Multiple Tables: Subqueries SELECTSUM (ExtendedPrice) AS Revenue FROMORDER_ITEM WHERESKU IN (SELECTSKU FROMSKU_DATA WHERE Department = 'Water Sports'); Note: The second SELECT statement is a subquery.

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-35 Nested Subqueries SELECTBuyer FROMSKU_DATA WHERESKU IN (SELECTSKU FROMORDER_ITEM WHEREOrderNumber IN (SELECTOrderNumber FROMRETAIL_ORDER WHEREOrderMonth = 'January' ANDOrderYear = 2004));

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-36 Joins SELECTBuyer, ExtendedPrice FROMSKU_DATA, ORDER_ITEM WHERESKU_DATA.SKU = ORDER_ITEM.SKU;

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-37 Joins SELECTBuyer, SUM(ExtendedPrice) AS BuyerRevenue FROMSKU_DATA, ORDER_ITEM WHERESKU_DATA.SKU = ORDER_ITEM.SKU GROUP BYBuyer ORDER BYBuyerRevenue DESC;

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-38 Two Joins SELECTBuyer, ExtendedPrice, OrderMonth FROMSKU_DATA, ORDER_ITEM, RETAIL_ORDER WHERESKU_DATA.SKU = ORDER_ITEM.SKU ANDORDER_ITEM.OrderNumber = RETAIL_ORDER.OrderNumber;

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-39 Subqueries versus Joins Subqueries and joins both process multiple tables. A subquery can only be used to retrieve data from the top table. A join can be used to obtain data from any number of tables.

DAVID M. KROENKE’S DATABASE PROCESSING, 10th Edition © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall 2-40 David M. Kroenke’s Database Processing Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation (10 th Edition) End of Presentation: Chapter Two Part Two