GPS – Global Positioning System Space segment Control segment user segment 32 satellites World wide monitor and control stations

GPS station

Survey GPS Station

Permanent GPS Station

The Transmitted Signal Carrier waves PRN code (Satellite ID) Navigation message (TOT, satellite position and health)

Data Processing Your location is: 37 o ’ N 122 o ’ W

Data processing Absolute positioning Relative positioning Phase observable Estimation and elimination of measurement biases.

Measurement Biases

Time series and velocity field north east up

WGS84 Reference Frame (World Geodetic System)

ITRF datum (International Terrestrial Reference Frame)

Translation and Rotation

1-D elastic dislocation model Savage & Burford (1973) V(x) V0V0 D Peri & Wdowinski 2001 V 0 = 5 mm/yr

Wdowinski et al  13 permanent GPS sites were measured from 1996 –  Reference frame: Sinai subplate All 3.7 mm/y North 4.2 mm/yr South 2.9 mm/yr

Measuring co-seismic deformation Insight into the 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake from GPS measurements in southeast Asia C. Vigny et al. 2005

Earth Quake modeling

Post seismic deformation