MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan1 Systems Design, Implementation, Maintenance, and Review Chapter 13

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan2 Principles and Learning Objectives Designing new systems or modifying existing ones should always be aimed at helping an organization achieve its goals. –State the purpose of systems design and discuss the differences between logical and physical systems design. –Outline key steps taken during the design phase. –Describe some considerations and diagrams used during object-oriented design. –Define the term RFP and discuss how this document is used to drive the acquisition of hardware and software. –Describe the techniques used to make systems selection evaluations.

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan3 Principles and Learning Objectives The primary emphasis of systems implementation is to make sure that the right information is delivered to the right person in the right format at the right time. –State the purpose of systems implementation and discuss the various activities associated with this phase of systems development. –List the advantages and disadvantages of purchasing versus developing software. –Discuss the software development process and some of the tools used in this process, including object-oriented program development tools.

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan4 Principles and Learning Objectives Maintenance and review add to the useful life of a system but can consume large amounts of resources. These activities can benefit from the same rigorous methods and project management techniques applied to systems development. –State the importance of systems and software maintenance and discuss the activities involved. –Describe the systems review process.

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan5 Systems Design

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan6 Top Uses for New Systems in Various Industries

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan7 Logical Design Output design: types, format, content, frequency Input design: types, format, content, frequency Process design: calculations, comparisons, manipulations File & database design: capabilities and organization Telecommunications design: high-level network description Procedures design: automated & manual Controls & security design Personnel & job design

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan8 Physical Design Hardware design Software design Database design Telecommunications design Personnel design Procedures and controls design

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan9 Special System Design Considerations Procedures for signing on Interactive processing Interactive dialog Preventing, detecting, and correcting errors

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan10 The Scope of Design

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan11 Procedures for Signing On

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan12 Interactive Processing

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan13 Emergency Alternate Procedures & Disaster Recovery Telecommunications backup Personnel backup Hardware backup Software and database backup

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan14 Hardware Backup Disaster recovery plans Hot site Cold site

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan15 Software & Database Backup Selective backups Incremental backups Image log

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan16 Preventing, Detecting, and Correcting Errors

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan17 Object-Oriented Design

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan18 Systems Controls Deterrence controls Input controls Processing controls Output controls Database controls Telecommunications controls Personnel controls

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan19 Request for Proposal

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan20 Financial Options

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan21 Cost/Benefit Analysis

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan22 Cost/Benefit Analysis

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan23 Evaluation Techniques Group consensus Benchmark tests Cost/benefit analysis Point evaluation

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan24 The Final Evaluation

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan25 Point Evaluation

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan26 Freezing Design Specifications

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan27 The Design Report

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan28 Systems Implementation

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan29 Systems Implementation

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan30 Acquiring Software: Make or Buy Software? Externally developed software –Lower cost –Lower risk –Ease of installation

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan31 Make or Buy Software Steps –Review needs, requirements, and costs –Acquire software –Modify or customize software –Acquire software interfaces –Test and accept the software –Maintain the software

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan32 In-House Developed Software Chief programmer teams The programming life cycle

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan33 Chief Programmer Teams

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan34 The Programming Life Cycle

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan35 Tools & Techniques for Software Development Cross-platform development Integrated development environments CASE tools Structured design Structured programming Structured walkthroughs

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan36 Characteristics of Structured Programming

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan37 Structured Design and Programming

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan38 Structured Design and Programming

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan39 Structured Walkthroughs

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan40 Additional Implementation Activities Acquiring database and telecommunication systems User preparation Hiring and training IS personnel Site preparation Data preparation

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan41 Additional Implementation Activities Installation Testing –Unit testing –System testing –Volume testing –Integration testing –Acceptance testing

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan42 Testing

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan43 Start-Up Approaches

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan44 Start-Up Approaches

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan45 Systems Maintenance

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan46 Reasons for Maintenance Changes in business processes Requests from stakeholders, users, or managers Errors in the program Technical and hardware problems Corporate mergers & acquisitions Government regulations Changes in the operating system or hardware

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan47 Types of Maintenance Slipstream upgrade Patch Release Version

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan48 The Financial Implications of Maintenance

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan49 The Relationship Between Maintenance and Design

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan50 Systems Review

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan51 Types of Review Procedures

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan52 Factors to Consider During Systems Review Mission Goals Hardware/software Database Telecommunications IS personnel Control Training Costs Complexity Reliability Efficiency Response time Documentation

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan53 Summary Systems design - preparing detailed design needs for a new system or modifying an existing system Systems implementation – installing the system and making everything, including users, ready for its operation Software - can be purchased from vendors or developed in-house - a decision termed the make-or-buy Systems maintenance - involves checking, changing, and enhancing the system to make it more useful in obtaining user and organizational goals Systems review - the process of analyzing systems to make sure that they are operating as intended