HISTORY OF ENGINEERING & DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING (Lecture # 2)

Chronology of Industrial Engineering Emergence of IE – increasing need for technically trained people who could plan, organize, and direct the operations of large complex systems History – supervisors were given verbal instructions Any improved efficiency usually came from worker himself F. W. Taylor – analyzing and the work content of a job and designing the job for maximum efficiency – effects on planning, scheduling and process

Chronology of Industrial Engineering F. B. Gilbreth – analysis, measurement of fundamental motions – ‘reach’, ‘grasp’ and ‘transport’ H. L. Gantt – Gantt chart – systematic graphical tool for preplanning and scheduling activities, reviewing progress, and updating schedule W. A. Shewhart – fundamental principles of quality control in 1924 Industrial engineering developed as a profession based on “science” rather than “art”

Chronology of Industrial Engineering The history of IE is spread on the overlapping periods of Scientific Management 1900 – 1930 Industrial Engineering 1920 – Present Operations Research 1940 – 1970 IE & Systems Engineering 1970 – Future We can see that IE has seen most of its developments in the last century The new orientation i.e. IE & Systems Engineering is building not only on the foundation of IE/OR but is also taking the concepts from feedback control, computer science and systems engineering etc.

Industrial Engineering Organizations The society of industrial engineers was formed prior to 1920. AIIE which later became IIE was formed in 1948 – a technical society for industrial engineers which has many university chapters The Journal of IE (1949) was divided into Industrial Engineering (monthly) and IIE Transactions (quarterly) Practicing industrial engineers belong to other organizations also. IIE membership view their professional activities as concerned with broad aspects of total system design

Industrial Engineering Education Industrial engineering is concerned with the design, improvement, and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, information, equipment, and energy. It draws upon specialized knowledge and skill in the mathematical, physical, and social sciences The basic principles of IE are being applied widely in agriculture, hospitals, banks, government organizations, and so forth IE was predominantly taught in mechanical engineering departments until the end of World War II PhDs in industrial engineering go into teaching and positions in industry and government

Impact of Related Developments Impact of Operations Research Impact of mathematical analysis approach called operations research (e.g. strength, mix and cost of an alloy) Operations research connects a set of quantitative methods that are applicable to a wide range of managerial and operational problems Impact of Digital Computers Rapid and accurate handling of vast amount of data Managing and controlling large, complex operations Techniques like simulation and CAD/CAM (e.g. cutting path) Automatic generation of process plans, bills of material, work schedules etc Computer networks make all computers talk to each other – CIM Emergence of Service Industries Hospitals, clinics – eliminate wastes, schedule activities Government organizations – increase efficiency, reduce paperwork, project management

Relationship of to Other Engineering Disciplines

Challenges of the Future Learn to accomplish their mission in recognition of the constraints – oil, other natural resources etc Design systems compatible with the natural environment – wastes Design products that are safe and reliable – quality control Improve productivity – US markets in comparison to other countries In short, engineers will be expected to design systems that optimally utilize resources for the satisfaction of human needs (definition)