Hidden Treasures: Heritage Language Communities Shuhan C. Wang, Ph.D. Jay Lin, Ph.D. Linda Yang

Chinese! Opportunities and New Initiatives! Rapidly growing interest!  2,400 schools want to offer AP Chinese

Response: A Deer in the Headlights! What is being exposed by this sudden fame is the inadequacy of the infrastructure of the Chinese field.

Student Enrollment in Higher Ed, 2002 (ADFL, MLA Survey) LanguageEnrollmentPercent of Total Spanish746, % French201, % German91,1006.5% Italian63,8994.6% Japanese52,2383.7% Chinese34,1532.4%

Student Enrollment in US Public Secondary Schools (G.7-12) (ACTFL Survey, 2000) LanguageEnrollmentPercent of Total Spanish4,757, % French1,270, % German332,9804.8% Italian79,0061.1% Japanese53,8890.8% Chinese24,0000.3%

Total Student Enrollment in Chinese HEdK-12HL 34,153 (MLA, 2002) 24,000 (CLTA, 2001) 82,675 (NCACLS) 16,000 (CLASS, 2003) 60,000 (CSAUS, 2005) Total: 200,000 roughly (Asia Society, 2005) 150,000 (McGinnis, 2003)

Chinese Language Programs and Teachers HEdK-12HL Schools Programs640 (LCTLs Database, 2005) 163 (CLASS, 2003) (NCACLS- Taiwan system) (CSAUS- PRC system) Teachers500 + members (CLTA, 2006) 213 (CLASS, membership) 5,540 --(NCACLS, 1996) --(CSAUS, N/A)

Group TypeChinatown Chinese Schools National Council of Associations of Chinese Language Schools (NCACLS) The Chinese School Association in the United States (CSAUS) Time of Establishment 19 th CenturyEarly 1970sEarly 1990s Family OriginSouthern China; After 1976, Ethnic Chinese from Southeast Asia *Taiwan & Hong Kong *People’s Republic of China Language Taught Cantonese, Taishanese, Hakka Mandarin, a few teach Taiwanese (a Min Dialect) Mandarin Types of Chinese Heritage Language Schools *Children of Multinational Marriage and Adoption also attend these schools

Hidden Resources for  Students  Teachers  A community of practice in which the Chinese language and culture are live!  Target the FL National Standards 5: Communities