HIV prevalence trends among pregnant women in major cities in Cambodia, Myanmar and Thailand, 1990–2004 Phnom Penh Mandalay and Yangon Bangkok Sources: Cambodia National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STDs (Phnom Penh); Myanmar Ministry of Health (Mandalay and Yangon); Thailand Ministry of Public Health (Bangkok), 2005. 1990 1999 2003 2004 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 1991 1992 % HIV prevalence 2.10 06/06 e

Trend in HIV prevalence in 21-year-old military conscripts in Thailand: 1989-1999 Source: Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Thailand HIV prevalence (%) 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 5 4 3 2 1 06/06 e

Illustration de la possibilité de diffusion du VIH des groupes à risques vers la population générale Cette diffusion dépend des liens qui existent entre ces populations à risque et la population générale Taille de la population à risque, liens avec la population générale ? Populations à risque Homosexuels masculins Usagers de drogues Patients atteints d’une IST Migrants Prostituées General population 06/06 e EuroHIV

Drivers of the epidemic: familiar pattern in countries Source: Thai Working Group on HIV/AIDS Projections, 2001 70% IDU SW 26 % 90% SW Spouse 5% IDU 5% 50% Spouse SW 15% IDU 20% MTCT 15% Behind the earlier map the trend is hidden and so is the potential. Asia has shown the highest proportional growth rate of HIV in recent times. Colour of map should change to better identify the “hot spots” 06/06 e

IDUs with HIV Wives of IDU with HIV Other heterosexuals infected with HIV in a chain originating with IDU Projected total number of HIV infections in various population groups, in Jakarta, Indonesia, 2000–2020 2.15 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Number of HIV infections 40 000 80 000 120 000 160 000 200 000 Source: Asian Epidemic Model projections using Jakarta data. 06/06 e

HIV prevalence (%) in adults (15–49) in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 2007 2.16 06/06 e

Increase in reported HIV cases in the Russian Federation and Ukraine, 1987–2005 Reported HIV cases in the Russian Federation Reported HIV cases in Ukraine 400 000 30 000 45 000 60 000 75 000 90 000 105 000 120 000 15 000 Russian Federation 350 000 Newly reported cases 300 000 Cumulative (previous years) 250 000 200 000 Ukraine Newly reported cases 150 000 Cumulative (previous years) 100 000 50 000 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 06/06 e Sources: Russian Federal AIDS Centre; Ukranian AIDS Centre and Ministry of Health of Ukraine 2.12

L’épidémiologie du VIH en Amérique Latine

HIV prevalence (%) in adults (15–49) in the Caribbean, 2007 06/06 e 2.17

HIV prevalence (%) in adults (15–49) in Latin America, 2007 06/06 e 2.18

HIV prevalence (%) among female sex workers and men who have sex with men in Latin America, 1999–2002 Provinces (7 cities) La Paz Santa Cruz Border cities with Argentina Santiago Bogotá Argentina Bolivia Chile Colombia 0.0 % HIV prevalence 5 10 15 20 25 30 Buenos Aires Quito Guayaquil Other city ports (4) Asunción and 4 other cities Lima Provinces Montevideo with Brazil Isla Margarita Ecuador Paraguay Peru Uruguay Venezuela Female sex workers Men who have sex with men 06/06 e Source: Montano SM et al., JAIDS (2005). 2.14

HIV prevalence (%) in adults (15–49) in North America, Western and Central Europe, 2007 2.19 06/06 e

HIV infections newly diagnosed in injecting drug users and men who have sex with men, by country, and year of report, 2002–2006 2.20 Injecting drug users 200 400 600 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Canada France Germany Italy Netherlands Switzerland United Kingdom Men having sex with men 1000 2000 3000 Sources: (1) Public Health Agency of Canada. HIV and AIDS in Canada. Selected Surveillance Tables to June 30, 2007. Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division, Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, 2007. (2) Epidemiologisches Bulletin (5. Oktober 2007/Sonderausgabe B aktuelle daten und informationen zu infektionskrankheiten und public health). (3) The UK Collaborative Group for HIV and STI Surveillance Testing Times. HIV and other Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United Kingdom: 2007. London: Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections. November 2007. (4) EuroHIV. HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe. End-year report 2006. Saint-Maurice: Institut de veille sanitaire, 2007. No. 75. (5) EuroHIV. HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe. Mid-year report 2007. Saint-Maurice: Institut de Veille Sanitaire, 2007. No. 76. 06/06 e

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HIV prevalence (%) in adults (15–49) in Oceania, 2007 2.22 06/06 e

Annual diagnoses of HIV infection and AIDS in Australia 1981–2006 2.23 AIDS diagnoses HIV diagnoses 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 Year 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 Number of diagnoses Source: National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, 2007. Data available at http://www.nchecr.unsw.edu.au/NCHECRweb.nsf/resources/SurvRep07/$file/ASR2007.pdf 06/06 e

Number and percentage of HIV-positive pregnant women receiving antiretroviral prophylaxis, 2004–2007 2006 2005 Number of HIV-positive pregnant women receiving anti-retrovirals Year 400 000 500 000 600 000 100 000 200 000 300 000 % of HIV-positive 5 30 35 15 20 25 40 10 2007 Source: UNAIDS, UNICEF & WHO, 2008; data provided by countries. 4.13 06/06 e

Percentage of young people aged 15–24 reporting the use of a condom during sexual intercourse with a non-regular partner, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2001–2005 Male Female Countries with date of survey indicated 100 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 % Benin 2001 Botswana 2001 Burkina Faso 2003 Cameroon 2004 Chad 2004 Ghana 2003 Guinea 2005 Kenya 2003 Lesotho 2004 Madagascar 2003 Malawi 2004 Mali 2001 Mozambique 2003 Nigeria 2003 Rwanda 2004 Senegal 2005 United Republic of Tanzania 2003 Uganda 2004 Zambia 2003 Sources: Demographic Health Surveys; HIV/AIDS Indicator Surveys (2001-2005). 3.6 06/06 e

Comprehensive knowledge of HIV among young people, by type of question 4.4 Males Females (%) correct All 5 questions are correct Mosquitos do not transmit HIV A healthy looking person can have HIV Having only one faithful partner can protect against HIV Condoms can prevent HIV 40 80 100 20 60 Sharing food does not transmit HIV Source: UNGASS Country Progress Reports 2008. QUESTION 06/06 e

Percentage of HIV-positive pregnant women receiving antiretroviral prophylaxis, 2007 4.14 Source: UNAIDS, UNICEF & WHO, 2008; data provided by countries. 06/06 e

Total annual resources available for AIDS 1986–2007 [i] 1996-2005 data: Extracted from 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic (UNAIDS, 2006); [ii] 1986-1993 data: Mann.&. Tarantola, 1996 Notes: [1] 1986-2000 figures are for international funds only; [2] Domestic funds are included from 2001 onwards 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 US$ million 292 1623 8.3 billion Signing of Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS, UNGASS 1996 1997 1998 1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1986 1987 1990 1991 1992 1993 Less than US$ 1 million 59 212 World Bank MAP launch Global Fund PEPFAR 257 UNAIDS Gates Foundation 2006 2007 10 000 8.9 billion 10 billion 7.1 Source: UNAIDS & WHO unpublished estimates, 2007 06/06 e

Distribution by region of the funding required for treatment and care Latin America/Caribbean: 17% Eastern Europe: 7% North Africa/Middle East: 1% Africa: 55% South/South-East Asia: 4% East Asia/Pacific: 16% Source: UNAIDS (2005). Resource needs for an expanded response to AIDS in low- and middle-income countries. 10.6 06/06 e

www.unaids.org www. eurohiv.org www.invs.sante.fr 06/06 e