The Right to the City Vidyadhar K. Phatak Presented at The 21 st Century Indian City: Developing an Agenda for Urbanization in India March 23,

Fundamental Rights Indian Constitution bestowed fundamental rights to citizens. – to move freely throughout the territory of India – to reside and settle in any of the territory of India – to practise any profession or to carry on any profession trade or business 2

Economic Outcome % of Area% of Population % of Income 3

Living Outcome 4

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Rights of CITYzens Right to Safe drinking water Sanitation Safe pedestrian movement Education – schools – playgrounds Primary health care Safe environment Minimum shelter 8

How to ensure Rights? Control urbanization, India lives in villages Control city size distribution – disperse manufacturing, promote small and medium cities Town planning regulations, building codes, enforcement 9

How to ensure Rights Impose rent control Acquire land by paying ‘amount’ instead of ‘compensation’ Impose urban land ceiling Public housing 10

How to ensure Rights? Create financial intermediaries – HUDCO / NHB / IDFC / IIFCL – TNUDF / MUINFRA Induce ULBs to access capital market through Municipal Bonds or Pooled Finance (USAID) Access World Bank / IDA / DIFID funds Induce reforms through funding infrastructure 11

Who should deliver? 74 th Constitutional Amendment in 1992 – State Finance Commissions – Metropolitan Planning Committees – Municipalities – Ward Committees – Area sabhas 12

Who actually delivers? Fund led reforms driven by national government State governments act Local governments follow 13

Rights to the City? 14

Thank you 15