ELECTRONS IN ATOMS. Address of electrons in atoms.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Quantum Model of the Atom

Advertisements

Chapter 4 STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM.

Where is the Electron Located?

1 Electronic Structure of Atoms & Periodic Table Chapter 4 CHEMISTRY - DACS 1232 Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, UTeM Lecturer: IMRAN SYAKIR BIN MOHAMAD.

Lecture 2310/28/05. Quiz 1. What does the quantum number “l” represent? 2. Calculate the wavelength of light emitted when an electron changes from n =

The Quantum Mechanical Picture of the Atom

Electronic Configuration Pauli exclusion principle – no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers.

S- orbitals (l=0) p- orbital (l=1) d-orbital (l=2)

Building Atoms Chapter 8 §1-4. Erwin Schrödinger Developed an equation – the wave equation – to calculate the waves created by the electron in the hydrogen.

Quantum Numbers How to find your atom’s address in the Periodic Table Hotel.

Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 7-1 Electronic Structure of Atoms Chapter 6 Copyright © The.

Chapter 13 Section 2 electron configuration- how e- are arranged around the nucleus Rules for e- configs: 1)Aufbau Principle -electrons enter orbitals.

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms Chapter 7 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

1 Chapter 7 Part 2 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure.

Orbital Notation and Electron Configuration October 20th.

ELECTRON CONFIGURATION The arrangement of electrons in an atom Each element has a distinct electron configuration Electron configuration describes the.

Writing Electron Configuration. Quantum Numbers Quantum numbers define the location of electrons in an atomic orbital. This helps us understand why different.

1 Electron Configuration Na: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 1 Na: [Ne] 3s 1 classroom.sdmesa.edu/ssaidane/Docs%20.../ElectronConfiguration.ppt.

Electron Configuration. Shorthand notation that shows electron arrangement within orbitals Three Rules apply to electron configuration: 1.Pauli exclusion.

 Electron Configuration is the way electrons are arranged around the nucleus.

Electrons in Atoms. Models of the Atom – I can identify the inadequacies in the Rutherford atomic model I can identify the new proposal.

Chapter 3 Atoms and Elements 3.7 Electron Energy Levels 1.

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms Chapter 7.

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms Chapter 7 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Quantum Atom. Problem Bohr model of the atom only successfully predicted the behavior of hydrogen Good start, but needed refinement.

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms Chapter 6.

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms Chapter 7 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

October 5 th, 2015 What is the atomic mass of hafnium if, out of every 100 atoms, 5 have mass 176, 19 have mass 177, 27 have mass 178, 14 have mass 179,

Quantum Mechanics. Electron Density Gives the probability that an electron will be found in a particular region of an atom Regions of high electron density.

Electrons in the Atom. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle This is the theory that states that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position.

1 Chapter 7 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of.

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms Chapter 7 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Wednesday, October 21 st, 2015 Bohr Model of the Atom.

Text page Applying Quantum Mechanics to Electrons in Atoms Quantum Numbers In an atom, these three-dimensional electron waves or orbitals are more.

Electron Configurations Chapter 5. Aufbau Principle  Aufbau Principle: Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbital available.

Electron configurations

General Chemistry 2 CHEM 102 Syllabus. InstructorDr Mohamed Ibrahim Attia Credits: 4 Office:

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms Part 2 Unit 4, Presentation 1.

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms Chapter 6.

QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL  Determines the allowed energies an electron can have  Determines how likely it is to find the electron in various locations.

Section 4-3 Electron Configurations. Quantum Mechanical Model Energy Levels have sublevels Each sublevel contains orbitals –Orbital – a 3-D region around.

Quantum Mechanics. Electron Density Gives the probability that an electron will be found in a particular region of an atom Regions of high electron density.

November 13, Please staple both labs together and place in basket. a.Spectra lab 1 st, Flame test 2 nd 2.Then review by completing the following:

Bohr model and electron configuration. Bohr’s Model Why don’t the electrons fall into the nucleus? Move like planets around the sun. In circular orbits.

N - principle quantum number - determines distance from the nucleus and energy l - orbital angular momentum quantum number l = 0, 1, 2,… n-1 m l - magnetic.

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms Chapter 7 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Aim: How do chemists represent an atom’s “electron configuration”? Vocabulary: Electron configuration- probable location of electron; the electron’s “address.”

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms Chapter 7.

The Quantum Mechanical Atom Chapter 8. Electron Distribution When 2 or more atoms join to form a compound, the nuclei of the atoms stay relatively far.

Electronic Structure of Atoms & Periodic Table

Electronic Structure of Atoms

ELECTRONS IN ATOMS.

QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL OF THE ATOM

Electrons: The Bohr Model, Orbitals, and Electron Configuration

QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL OF THE ATOM

Electron Configuration

Electron Orbitals Heisenberg 1. The ____________ ______________ principle states that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and.

Quantum Theory.

Electron Configuration

Atomic Orbitals The energy levels of electrons are labeled by principal quantum numbers (n) Each energy sublevel corresponds to an orbital of a different.

Electron Arrangement.

Electron Configurations

QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL OF THE ATOM

Quantum Theory.

Atomic Orbitals and Electron Arrangement

Quantum Theory.

QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms

Presentation transcript:

ELECTRONS IN ATOMS

Address of electrons in atoms

ELECTRONS IN ORBIT ABOUT THE NUCLEUS

e - density (1s orbital) falls off rapidly as distance from nucleus increases Where 90% of the e - density is found for the 1s orbital ELECTRON DENSITY OF 1s ORBITAL

 = fn(n, l, m l, m s ) ______________________________ l for a given value of n, l = 0, 1, 2, 3, … n-1 n = 1, l = 0 n = 2, l = 0 or 1 n = 3, l = 0, 1, or 2 Shape of the “volume” of space that the e - occupies l = 0 s orbital l = 1 p orbital l = 2 d orbital l = 3 f orbital Schrödinger Wave Equation

l = 0 (s orbitals) l = 1 (p orbitals)

l = 2 (d orbitals)

m l = -1m l = 0m l = 1 m l = -2m l = -1m l = 0m l = 1m l = 2

Energy of orbitals in a single electron atom Energy depends only on principal quantum number n E n = -R H ( ) 1 n2n2 n=1 n=2 n=3

Energy of orbitals in a many-electron atom Energy depends on n and l n=1 l = 0 n=2 l = 0 n=2 l = 1 n=3 l = 0 n=3 l = 1 n=3 l = 2

Fill lowest energy orbitals first (Aufbau principle) He 2 electrons He 1s 2

Fill lowest energy orbitals first (Aufbau principle) Li 3 electrons Li 1s 2 2s 1

Fill lowest energy orbitals first (Aufbau principle) Be 1s 2 2s 2 Be 4 electrons

Fill lowest energy orbitals first (Aufbau principle) B 5 electrons B 1s 2 2s 2 2p 1

Fill lowest energy orbitals first (Aufbau principle) C 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 C 6 electrons ?

C 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 Hund’s rule: The most stable arrangement of electrons in subshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spins.

N 7 electrons N 1s 2 2s 2 2p 3 ? Hund’s rule: The most stable arrangement of electrons in subshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spins.

N 7 electrons N 1s 2 2s 2 2p 3 Hund’s rule: The most stable arrangement of electrons in subshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spins.

O 8 electrons O 1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 Hund’s rule: The most stable arrangement of electrons in subshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spins.

F 9 electrons F 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5 Hund’s rule: The most stable arrangement of electrons in subshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spins.

Ne 10 electrons Ne 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 Hund’s rule: The most stablearrangement of electrons in subshells is the one with the greatest number of parallel spins.

Order of orbitals (filling) in multi-electron atom 1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d < 4p < 5s < 4d < 5p < 6s

Outermost subshell being filled with electrons

Electrons determine all of the chemical properties and some of the physical properties of elements.