Country Strategy

Mode of Analysis View country as a unit much like a firm with goals, comparative advantages and measurable outcomes. More complicated as the goals are less obvious, constituencies more varied, and decision making less clear. Examine past & present and project into the future. o Must choose time frame of analysis to guide focus.

Three Parts Context Strategy Performance Economic: GDP, Employment, Inflation Social: Income Distribution, Health, Education Political: Stability, Freedom International: Balance of Payments

Context Background & Resources Players of the Game o Firms: Corporate Sector o Government Actors o Non-state Actors Rules of the Game o Formal Rules o Informal Rules International Dimension

Background and Resources Resources Natural Labor Capital Infrastructure Technology Context Rules of the Game Players Background History Culture Demographics Geography Austen, J.E., 1990, Managing in Development Economies Strategy Vision Goals Policies

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The game Players of the Game o Government Actors o Political Leaders o Government Departments o Firms: Corporate Sector o Non-state Actors

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Corporate Sector State Owned Enterprises –Preferential access to finance –Run on a policy, non-commercial basis, may Engage in activities that boost economy-wide productivity Support subsidized consumer prices or employment.

Accelerating Privatizations of SOE’s through 2007 World Bank Privatization Database

State-owned enterprises in China: How big are they? SUBMITTED BY GAO XU ON TUE, :03 Link

Sovereign Wealth Funds Link

MNC’s vs. Business Groups Multi-national Corporations: Geographically diverse, but industrially concentrated. Business Groups: Geographically concentrated but industrially diverse. –A dominant model in emerging markets and developing economies.

Business Groups – Large, multi-company associations operating under common control with long-lasting co-operation. –Heavily diversified. –Usually family owned. Austen, J.E., 1990, Managing in Development Economies Link

Business Group in EM Advantages 1.Economies of Scope: Bargaining power with suppliers, marketing muscle, information sharing, use management skill. 2.Diversify Risk and Increase Access to Capital Disadvantages 1.Insiders may use corporate assets to server group at expense. 2.May use connections with gov’t to eliminate competition. Link

Non-government Actors Political parties & movements Religious groups

Rules of the Game Formal –Constitution, –Type of Legal system –Property Rights Link

Rules of the Game Informal –Unwritten practices –Business/work culture · A highly insular and consensual business culture that is resistant to hostile mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and prefers to do business, especially M&A transactions, with familiar corporate partners; 2011 Investment Climate Statement - Japan Link

Executive Compensation by Country Link

Strategy Vision - Overall view of society Ideology Orientation Goals Policies

Orientation Dimensions of Analysis o Market Implementation vs. Government Control o Externally Oriented vs. Internally Oriented o Business Oriented vs. Labor Oriented

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Economic Strategy Committee 2010 Link

Synthesis Construct a story that uses the different elements to describe the situation faced by the country.

No perfect system for describing a country’s situation. This system offers a straight-forward, easily comparable framework. Country-level approach may also be questioned. Any country has many individual actors which will each have their own objectives, strategies and performance measures.