Argentina’s “Dirty War”

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Presentation transcript:

Argentina’s “Dirty War” http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB104/foto_abuelas.jpg Jacqueline Hyatt Christabel Escarez

Juan Domingo Perón (1895 – 1974) Peronism or Justicialism “Third Position” Hailed for efforts in eliminating poverty and dignifying labor Detracted as dictator/demagogue http://www.dictatorofthemonth.com/

Perón Time Line 1951 June 1955 Sept. 1955 1946 1966 1970 1973 1974 Perón elected Onganía seizes power; military rule imposed Onganía overthrown; PLA, Montoneros form Peronist party wins elections; Perón returns from exile Perón reelected with huge majority Navy-led coup fails; army loyal to Perón Coup by 3 branches of armed forces succeeds; Perón resigns and goes into exile Perón dies http://perspective.usherbrooke.ca/bilan/contributions/1aaf69120080528144858790.jpg

Military Junta http://www.ceprodh.org.ar/IMG/jpg/02-09videla.jpg “In order to guarantee the security of the state, all the necessary people will die.” -General Jorge Rafael Videla

Post- Perón 1976 1977 1978 1981 1982 1983 1985 Viola in power; Galtieri in power Trial of the Juntas Videla seizes power; Forms National Reorganization Process Argentina returns to civilianian rule; Alfonsin becomes president Falkland Islands invaded (April); Galtieri replaced by Bignone (June) Appeals for Argentine and international intervention/justice Weekly Mothers marches begin; Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo formed http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldo_Galtieri

Desaparecidos 8,960 originally reported missing but more realistic estimates argue for 20,000 Treatment Abducted men, women, and children from streets, homes, and workplaces Held in clandestine detention centers Drugged victims and threw them from planes into the ocean and buried them in mass graves Victims: lawyers, artists, educators Brain drain: 400 journalists flee Newspapers stay silent

Falkland Islands War April 2, 1982-June 14, 1982 Goals: decrease focus on domestic issues Improve public view of the military government Complete failure for Argentina Great Britain responds with significant force and outplays the Argentine forces Impacts: Increase patriotism within Argentina Protests against the military junta Still a topic of discussion for Argentines

Dirty War in Argentina today NPR Feb. 27, 2010 “Weekend Edition” 80 year old grandmothers search for their grandchildren lost during the war Disappeared mothers kidnapped and killed after giving births the their babies Babies given to military families to raise http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=124125440 Listen-35sec-2:55…423-end

Literature Cited Arditti, Rita. Searching for Life: The Grandmothers of the Plaza De Mayo and the Disappeared Children of Argentina. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. Hodges, Donald Clark. Argentina's "Dirty War": An Intellectual Biography. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991. Knudson, Jerry W. "Veil of Silence: The Argentine Press and the Dirty War, 1976-1983." Latin American Perspectives. 24. 6 (1997): 93-112.