1 New physics & exotic hadron S. L. Olsen 스티픈 올슨 BESIIISuperBelle &

2 BEPCII & SuperKEKB L=2x10 35 cm -2 s -1 (2012) 8x10 35 cm -2 s -1 (2017) ARES RF(LER ) ARES RF(HER )

Super KEKB BEPCII CLEO-c SuperKEKB & BEPCII each provide 10x luminosity increases over the current state-of-the-art

4 BESIII & Super Belle  1 T SC solenoid:  p /p ~ p~1GeV   /K separation up to 1.2 GeV  CsI (~90% x 4  )  m (  0   ) ~4 MeV  Muon detection ~80% x 4  p  >0.5 GeV  Si strip/pixel vertex detector  z ~70  m  1.5 T SC solenoid:  p /p ~ p~1GeV   /K separation up to ~4 GeV  CsI (~90% x 4  )  m (  0   ) ~4 MeV  Muon detection ~80% x 4  p  >0.5 GeV Both are modern, state-of-the-art detectors

5 Physics at BESIII & SuperBelle New physics searches –Tests of SM predictions for processes with heavy virtual particles –Search for decays that are forbidden in SM    J/    + e - … Exotic hadron physics –XYZ particles uc u c cc H+?H+? +Squarks? +Winos? tetraquarks? quark-gluon hybrids?

6 New Physics Searches Need SM processes that: – involve massive virtual particles –where SM prediction is precise and reliable CP-violating phases F-B asymmetry in B  K*l + l meson: P +  l + decays CP violation in the c-quark sector …

7 CP-violating phases (SM predictions for CPV phases are uneffected by QCD Corrections & are, in principle at least, robust.)

8 SM: CP violation phase is all in the CKM flavor-mixing matrix CPV phases are in the corners   t d W+W+ b V ub W+W+ u * V td

9 B0B0  1 : Interfere B  f CP with B  B  J/  K S td  B0B0 V tb V* V cb KSKS J/  KSKS  V* 2 V tb V* tdtd td V cb B0B0 B0B0 + sin2  1 V cb has no KM phase V td has a KM phase  1

10 “ principle ” of  1 measurement Flavor-tag decay (B 0 or B 0 ?) J/  KSKS ee ee more B tags zz t=0 sin2  1 This is for CP=-1; for CP=+1, the asymmetry is opposite “entangled” BB _

11 B-Factory results B 0 tag _ sin2  1 = ±0.024  Belle + BaBar (2008)   1 = 21.1 o ± 0.9 o  well measured!

12 Role of phases in the CKM flavor-mixing matrix was recognized by the Nobel Foundation A single irreducible phase in the weak interaction matrix can accounts for the CPViolations that are observed in kaon and B decays.

13 Peggy Lee (American singer )

14 Next: CPV in penguin decays,  ’, K + K -, …

15 Why penguins?

16 SMCharged Higgs SuperSymmetry Not all penguins are alike! New physics penguins can modify SM predictions 

17 sin2  1 with SM b  s penguins V ts : no KM phase SM: sin2  1 = sin2  1 from B  J/  K 0 Any difference  non-SM particles in the loop penguin V td + 11 B B,  ’,     11 * *

18 Dalitz plot analysis of B  K S K + K -  Strong   K + K - peak in M(K + K - ) dist  but that is not all M 2 (K - K S ) M 2 (K + K S )  Needs a model for B 0  K S K + K - decays & a full. t-dependent Dalitz analysis time-dependent!

19 (  K S ) 11 (f 0 (980) K S ) 11 SM result Room for ~10x improvement  Super Belle/KEKB

20 Electro-weak penguins: B—K* l + l - no gluons here (so SM predictions for the lepton sector are robust & reliable) K* B

21 Ali, Mannel, Morozumi, PLB273, 505 (1991) A FB (B  K * l + l - )(q 2 ) SM pred’n for A FB is not sensitive to (poorly known) QCD corrections F B N F -N B N F +N B =

22 Hints of an anomaly? BABAR, arXiv: Belle, PRL 96, M 384M 657M Belle Preliminary Data points are all above the SM (M l+l- 2 dist & branching fractions ~agree with SM expectations.) Belle Published

meson pure leptonic decays: P +  l + All inputs well measured except f P, which can be computed by LQCD B + (or D + or D s ) + Q q SM prediction (W + only): 

24 Latest B-factory result Preliminary (arXiv: , BELLE-CONF-0840) Semileptonic B tags only (B  D * l  ) 3.8 σ signal significance Measurement above SM expectation, discrepancy ~1.4-2σ (CKMfitter 2008 prediction) SM 

25 Belle limits on charged Higgs Ruled out (95% CL) by Bf(B  X s  ) Ruled out by Bf(B +   + )

26 (Almost) all of CMS’ accessible range for an MSSM H + is already ruled out Ruled out by Belle Accessible at LHC Region Left For LHC

27 D + (D s + )  l + at BESIII CLEO-c signals: D +    D s +    LQCD preds (~2% precision ) Clean expt’l signals. BESIII can achieve high precision. 3  SM-Expt discrepancy for f Ds ; statistical errors dominate

28 CPV in D meson decays at BESIII No KM phases in c  s or c  d –Any CPV seen in D meson decay would indicate new physics To observe CP-viol. you need both a CPV phase & a non-zero strong phase –c.f. D ±  K + K -  ± has lots of resonances with large strong phases Opposite sign for matter-antimatter Same sign for matter-antimatter  No SM CPV phases here

29 D ±  K + K -  ± D±D± … K*K’  KK   model “strong” phases

30 Fit for D +  D - differences CLEOc, with 818 pb -1 at the  ’’ arXiv A CP = (-0.03 ±0.84 ± 0.29)% BESIII will have >20x more data M + - M - 

31 Summary (New Physics) Super Belle & BESIII have unique opportunities to search for New Physics –Reaches beyond the LHC for some scenarios Room for a factor ~10 improvement in precision before SM limitations are reached. Tantalizing hints of new phenomena show up in B-factory & CLEO-c data. Dalitz analyses becoming increasingly important

32 Comment New Physics Searches are prime motivators for Super-Belle & BESIII –“pays the bills” New discoveries will “belong to” the host laboratories & the expt’l teams in entirety –SNU included SNU group needs “signature” topics & expertise –Dalitz analyses? –exotic hadrons? –…

33 Exotic hadrons at BESIII & SuperBelle

34 Motivation for exotic hadrons Perkin’s textbook, Introduction to High Energy Physics, pg.118 “The states observed in nature consist of three- quark combinations (the baryons) and quark- antiquark combinations (the mesons).” Particle Physics Textbooks uc u c cc But QCD suggests that tetraquarks and quark-gluon hybrids also occur.

35 How to find an exotic hadron Find a hadron with quantum numbers that can’t be produced by qqq or qq combos –Pentaquark: S=+1 baryon   = –Charged or strange “charmonium:” e.g. Z + = Find cc or bb mesons that don’t fit into an unassigned qq “quarkonium” level. sd u d u uc d c   

36 predicted measured Charmonium meson spectrum Only a few charmonium levels are still available 

37 Neutral “X” & “Y” mesons BaBar B  K  +  - J/  M(  +  - J/  M(J  ) X(3872) M(  J/  Y(3940) X(3940) X(4160) e + e -  DD*J/  e + e -  D*D*J/  M(DD*)M(D*D*) Y(4260) Belle Y(4008)? e + e -   ISR  +  - J/  Y(4350) & Y(4660) e + e -   ISR  +  -  ’ M(  +  -J/  ) M(  +  -  ’) e + e -   ISR  c  c M(  c  c ) M(  J/  BaBar Belle ’’ X(3872) (Decay to final states with a cc pair &  q i =0 ) J PC =1 ++ J PC =1 -- ??? B  K  J/  

MeV Only one unfilled 1 ++ level Mass is too low for the X(3872)  c1 ’   J/  violates Ispin Bf(X 3872   J/  )>4%  (  J/  ) should be >>  (  J/  ) expt:  (  J/  ) <<  (  J/  ) There is only 1 unfilled 1 -- charmonium level (& at least Y states)  (  J/  (  ’)) for Y states too large for charmonium  c1 ’ No obvious available cc assignments for these states 

39 Are there similar states with: sc d c uc d c Z + Z s 0 non-zero charge? non-zero strangess? non-zero charge & strangeness? uc s c Zs+Zs+ “smoking guns” for non qq meson states

40 The Z(4430) + (   ±  ’) meson candidate M(  ±  ’ ) GeV BK +’BK +’ Z(4430) M 2 (  ±  ’ ) GeV 2 M 2 (  ’ ) GeV 2 S.-K. Choi et al (Belle) PRl 100,   Veto

41 Could this be a reflection from the K  channel?

42 Cos   vs M 2 (  ’ ) 16 GeV 2 22 GeV 2 M 2 (  ’) +1.0 cos   M (  ’) & cos   are tightly correlated; a peak in cos    peak in M(  ’) (4.43) 2 GeV ’’  K 

43 Can interference between K  partial waves produce a peak? Only S-, P- and D-waves seen in data interfere Add incoherently

44 Can we make a peak at cos   ≈0.25 with only S-, P- & D-waves?

45 Can we make a peak at cos   ≈0.25 with only S-, P- & D-waves?

46 Can we make a peak at cos   ≈0.25 with only S-, P- & D-waves? Not without introducing other, even more dramatic features at other cos   (&, , other M  ’ ) values.

47 BaBar doesn’t see the Z(4430) + Belle: = (4.1±1.0±1.4)x10 -5 M 2 (  ±  ’ ) GeV 2

48 C. SLAC’s B-factory Symposium

49 B  K  ’ Dalitz-plot analyses  KZ + K2*’K2*’ K*  ’ K  ’ Default Model   ’ K*(890)  ’ K*(1410)  ’ K0*(1430)  ’ K2*(1430)  ’ K*(1680)  ’ KZ(4430)

50 Results    Toy MC: fit CL=36% A 5 B A C B C

51 Results with no Z(4430) term        Toy MC: fit CL=0.1%  A B C AB C 

52 Dalitz analysis results Signif: 6.5  Published results Mass & significance similar, width & errors are larger With Z(4430) Without Z(4430) Belle: = ( )x BaBar: No contradiction

53 Candidates for exotic mesons in the s-quark sector Accessible at BESIII

54 J/    pp This is the  c,  pp the J/  ’s spin=0 partner What is this??? M(pp) GeV

55 Fit the M(pp) distribution Best fit to this peak is a resonance with peak mass below the pp mass threshold M=1835 MeV no know  100MeV resonance

56 Actual fit M= ± 6.7 MeV/c 2  < 153 MeV/c 2 (90% CL) J/    pp in the BES expt  2 /dof=56/56 fitted peak location

57 A pp bound state (baryonium)? p npp deuteron: loosely bound 3-q 3-q color singlets with M d = 2m p -  baryonium: loosely bound 3-q 3-q color singlets with M b = 2m p -  ? attractive nuclear force attractive force? There is lots & lots of literature about this possibility

58 Expectation for pp bound state meson m p +m p Above threshold X  pp ~100% below-threshold p and p annihilate to mesons I=0, J PC =0 -+ init. state: pp       ’ is common (h’ = mostly ss)

59 Look in J/        ’ M(      ’) M=1833 MeV  70MeV m p +m p BESII

60 X(1835)   BESIII M(  ’  ) GeV/c BES-III M(  ’  ) GeV/c 2 2 BESII M(  ’  ) GeV/c 2 X(1835)

61 J/     f 0 BESII “Y(2175)” ????? By next summer, BESIII should have 300M J/  decays &, eventually 10,000M J/  decays (with 58M J/  decays) A much better detector  = ~100% ss

62 Proposed WCU BESIII & (Super)Belle Continue collaboration with S. -K. Choi –Dalitz analyses of B  light hadrons + (cc) with existing Belle data Systematic scan of J/    ’ X &  BESIII –Search for s-quark sector exotics New physics searches in D(Ds) BESIII –D + / D -  K + K -  ± Dalitz plot differences –D + (D s )  l + purely leptonic decays –… Get ready for SuperBelle

63 감사합니다  どもぅ  ありがとぅ