Ch. 13: Nutrition Thru the Life Span: Childhood & Adolescence Identify energy and nutritional needs of the pre-school child Identify the recommended serving sizes for children ages 2 to 12 years of age Explain the effects of anemia and to avert iron-deficiency anemia in children Identify common food allergies Identify lead toxicity symptoms and how to prevent children’s exposure to lead

Chapter 13, cntd. Identify recommended mealtime environment characteristics for children 2-12 years of age Identify nutritional needs and eating habits of the teenager Identify the nutritional deficiencies of the teen years and how to correct them Identify the five principles of feeding young children in group settings

Early and Middle Childhood Good Nutrition is Necessary for Normal Growth and Development, School and Athletic Performance and to Prevent Obesity and Disease Energy and Nutrient Needs: Growth after age one slows and is uneven Appetite declines and is inconsistent Serving portions is 1 Tablespoon per year of age from ages 2-12 years

Malnutrition in Children Hunger can affect behavior and health Iron Deficiency is the most prevalent deficiency in young children Affects include behavioral problems, mood swings, decreased attention span and learning ability Limit milk to recommended intake—doesn’t supply iron Best sources include meats, fish, poultry, eggs, legumes, enriched and whole-grain cereals

Prevalent Conditions in Young Children Lead Poisoning: Sources: gasoline, food cans, leaded house paint, dust, old toys, water that passes through lead pipes Needs consistent nutritious meals Can cause learning disabilities and behavioral problems

Conditions, cntd. Food Allergies: Usually declines with age Common food allergies include Eggs, fish, milk, peanuts, shellfish, soybeans, and wheat Offer new foods one at a time Hyperactivity: ADHD No proven correlation between high sugar foods and hyperactivity Regular, nutritious meals, rest and exercise

Meals and Snacks Children need to eat at least every four hours because: Brains needs are great Liver and stomach and small Small portions—let children serve themselves Never force a child to clean (his/her) plate Don’t bribe, force, or shame a child to eat Don’t reward with foods Provide opportunities for physical activity University of Idaho eating guidelines

Teen Years Growth spurts in girls (10-11 yrs.) and boys (12-13) years increases total nutrient needs Affects every organ including the brain Common Deficiencies Iron—menstruation in girls and body mass in boys Vitamins A and folate Calcium and Vitamin D needs are greater because of increase in bone mass Snacks should be low in fat and sugar and nutritionally dense