Black Hole Formation and Kicks Vicky Kalogera Physics & Astronomy Dept with Bart Willems Mike Henninger Todd Levin Natasha Ivanova and Chris Fryer (LANL) Frank Timmes (LANL)

Observed sample of BH X-ray binaries:  Growing in number  Exciting recent measurements of proper motion give us with radial velocity unique information on kinematic history (see F. Mirabel’s talk) BH formation: some open questions …  What is the mass relation between progenitors and BHs ?  Are asymmetric birth kicks imparted to BHs ?  How do their magnitudes compare to NS kicks ?

courtesy Sky & Telescope Feb 2003 issue How do BH X-ray binaries form ? primordial binary X-ray binary at Roche-lobe overflow Common Envelope: orbital contraction and mass loss BH formation

Use ALL observational constraints: Currently: donorH-R diagram donor position on the H-R diagram masses BH and donor masses period *orbital period * velocity 3-D center-of-mass velocity Calculations: MT sequencessatisfy 1. Identify MT sequences that satisfy H-R, masses, periodconstraints H-R, masses, period constraints timeBH formation > obtain time of BH formation 2. Follow motion in the Galaxy post-collapse Vcm > obtain post-collapse Vcm 3. Follow tidal evolution prior to XRB phase post-collapse A, e > obtain post-collapse A, e 4. Analyze collapse dynamics: constrainprogenitor and kick constrain BH XRB progenitor and kick

Example case: GRO J Two sets of binary properties from: Beer & Podsiadlowski 2002 (BP) Greene, Bailyn, & Orosz 2001 (GBO) BH (M o )Donor (M o ) SpT BP F5-G0 GBO F6III P orb = 2.62 d

GRO J (with BP parameters) Conservative MT: Sequences must satisfy constraints on current H-R position of the donor and …

GRO J Conservative MT: Sequences must satisfy constraints on current H-R position of the donor and …

… satisfy constraints on current BH and donor masses and most importantly orbital period GRO J time since BH formation: ~830Myr chosen MT seq: 4.4M o BH 2.4M o donor 1.4d period BH donor

GRO J : MT seq. that satisfy all constraints BP conservative BP non-conservative GBO conservative GBO non-conservative

GRO J : MT seq. that satisfy all constraints BP conservative BP non-conservative GBO conservative GBO non-conservative BH donor

GRO J : Motion in the Galaxy (for BP conservative MT seq.) BH age ~ 830Myr ---> V PEC = km/s

GRO J V PEC, M BH, M donor, A orb (or P orb ), and e at BH formation pre-collapse A orb constrain pre-collapse A orb as well as BH-progenitor masspossible BH kick the BH-progenitor mass and the possible BH kick magnitude (for BP conservative MT seq.)

BH kick magnitude BH progenitor mass GRO J (for BP conservative MT seq.) M BH = 4.4 M o from core-collapse hydro simulations: BH formation: delayed M 0 >~ 6 M o

GRO J conservative MTnon-conservative MT BP GBO

Work in progress:  Analysis for XTE J and Cyg X-1 is underway …  Are BH kicks correlated with either BH mass or mass loss at BH formation ?  Comparison with NS systems Sco X-1, 4U , LS 5039 and more … Conclusions on J :  BH progenitor in the range M o  BH kicks necessary; in the range of km/s  delayed BH formation through fallback