Overburden Pressure Affects Fracture Aperture and Permeability in a Stress- Sensitive Reservoir Vivek Muralidharan.

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Presentation transcript:

Overburden Pressure Affects Fracture Aperture and Permeability in a Stress- Sensitive Reservoir Vivek Muralidharan

Matrix Porosity Permeability Fracture Permeability

Problems Fracture behavior is complex. Overburden Pressure affects fracture parameters.

What has been done Observed the change in permeability with overburden pressure (Fatt and Davis, 1952; Jones,1975 and Cook et al, 2001). Measured fracture aperture physically (Jones et al, 1968; Gentier,1986; Arun et al,1997). Studied the effect of overburden pressure using unfractured cores (Holt,1990; Keaney et al,1998).

What has not been done Determination of fracture aperture during fluid flow. Determination of matrix and fracture flow contributions.

Approach Perform laboratory experiments with different overburden pressure. Develop an equation to determine the fracture aperture and flow contributions. Perform simulation modeling based on experimental results.

Approach Perform laboratory experiments with different overburden pressure. Develop an equation to determine the fracture aperture and flow contributions. Perform simulation modeling based on experimental results.

Laboratory Experiments How do we analyze the experimental results ? What information can be deduced from experimental results? Fracture Aperture Fracture permeability Matrix and fracture flow contributions How these properties change with overburden stress

Experimental Apparatus

Permeability changes at variable overburden pressure kmkm k av

Approach Perform laboratory experiments with different overburden pressure. Develop an equation to determine the fracture aperture and flow contributions. Perform simulation modeling based on experimental results.

Experimental Data Analysis Parallel plate assumption: Fracture Permeability : Combining above equations to determine w: Contribution of flow from matrix and fracture systems: w A l L

Fracture Aperture Overburden Pressure (Psia) Fracture Aperture (cm) 5 cc/min10 cc/min15 cc/min20 cc/min 500psia1000psia1500psia w w w 5 cc/min 20 cc/min 5 cc/min10 cc/min15 cc/min20 cc/min w w w 5 cc/min 20 cc/min ) 5 cc/min10 cc/min15 cc/min20 cc/min w w w 5 cc/min 20 cc/min ) 5 cc/min10 cc/min15 cc/min20 cc/min w w w 5 cc/min 20 cc/min 5 cc/min10 cc/min15 cc/min20 cc/min w w w 5 cc/min 20 cc/min

Fracture Permeability OR

Fracture Permeability OR W1 W2 W2 < W1

Fracture Flow Rate

Overburden Pressure (Psia) Matrix Flow Rate (cc/min) 5 cc/min10 cc/min15 cc/min20 cc/min 5 cc/min 20 cc/min 5 cc/min10 cc/min15 cc/min20 cc/min 0 ) 5 cc/min10 cc/min15 cc/min20 cc/min5 cc/min10 cc/min15 cc/min20 cc/min 5 cc/min10 cc/min15 cc/min20 cc/min Matrix Flow Rate

Approach Perform laboratory experiments with different overburden pressure. Develop an equation to determine the fracture aperture and flow contributions. Perform simulation modeling based on experimental results.

Modeling Laboratory Experiment Is single fracture aperture sufficient for modeling the flow through the fracture? Model for future reservoirs

Simulation Parameters  Single phase black oil simulation  Laboratory dimensions (4.9875” x 2.51”)  31x1x31 layers  Matrix porosity = %  Matrix permeability = 296 md  Fracture properties is introduced in 16 th layer  Fracture porosity = 0.56%  Mean fracture aperture = 56.4 micro meter

Example of flow through single fracture aperture

Injection Rate Fracture Flow Matrix Flow Outlet Pressure Inlet Pressure Simulation Result for 500 psi and 5cc/min Flow

Match between Laboratory data and Simulation Results for 500 psi and 5cc/min flow Observed Simulated Fracture Matrix

Match between Laboratory data and Simulation Results for 5 cc/min Observed Simulated

Actual Fracture Face

Single fracture aperture cannot be used in modeling the experimental data. The fracture aperture must be distributed. Lesson Learned !

Log-normal Distribution of Fracture Aperture

Variogram Modeling to Generate Fracture Aperture Distribution

Core Surface Generated after Krigging

Example of flow through different fracture spatial heterogenity

1.Effect of stresses are most pronounced in fractured reservoirs. 2.The fracture aperture equation has been developed and thus, the matrix and fracture flow contributions can be estimated. 3.The spatial heterogeneity in the fracture aperture must be included in the modeling of fracture system. Conclusions

Acknowledgement Dr. D. S. Schechter, Texas A&M University Dr. Erwin Putra, Texas A&M University Department of Energy (D.O.E) for sponsoring the project.