Battery Chemistry Electrochemical Cells Cu 2+ (aq) + Zn(s)  Cu(s) + Zn 2+ (aq)

Electric Cars Chevy Volt: Charge uses 8 kWh of electricity to drive 40 miles Equivalent in miles per gallon:

Is it worth it? Cost of Ch. Volt = $40,000 Accord/Camry = $25,000

Energy Density: Burning Ethanol CH 3 CH 2 OH + 3 O 2  2 CO H 2 O  G = kJ/mol Energy per kg:

Energy Density: Lead Acid Car Battery Pb + PbO H 2 SO 4  2 PbSO H 2 O n = 4, E o = 2.05 V, F = 96.5 kJ/V  G = -nFE o Energy per kg: combined molar mass = 643 g/mol

Goals for Battery Development:

Battery Chemistry Cu 2+ (aq) + Zn(s)  Cu(s) + Zn 2+ (aq)

E o cell = E o cathode - E o anode

Common Batteries:

Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries Anode: Cathode: Alloy is a mixture of 1 part (lanthanum, cerium, neodymium) and 5 parts (nickel, cobalt, manganese, aluminum)

Lithium Ion Batteries Anode:LiCoO 2  Li 1-x CoO 2 + x Li + + x e - Cathode: x Li + x e - + C  Li x C

Fuel Cells