Ethics & Computers Sources: “The Right Thing to Do”, P. Aarne Vesilind, Lakeshore Press, 2004, (ISBN 0-9650539-4-6) “Ethics for the Information Age”, Michael.

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Presentation transcript:

Ethics & Computers Sources: “The Right Thing to Do”, P. Aarne Vesilind, Lakeshore Press, 2004, (ISBN ) “Ethics for the Information Age”, Michael Quinn, 2 nd Edition, Addison Wesley, 2006, (ISBN )

Morals are ground rules that allow us to get along. Ethics is the means to resolve moral dilemmas.

Normative Ethics Consequence-based ethics –Hedonism or Egoism: do what maximizes the benefits to yourself. –Utilitarianism: do what maximizes the benefits to everyone involved. Duty-based ethics –Kantianism: do what is supported by a rule that can be applied in all similar situations (universalizability). Virtue-based ethics –Aristotle: one should live a virtuous life; virtue will drive one to always do the right thing.

Act Utilitarianism Jeremy Bentham ( ) and John Stuart Mill ( ) Principle of Utility (Greatest Happiness Principle) An action is right (or wrong) to the extent that it increases (or decreases) the total happiness of the affected parties. For some being i affected by an action: Quantify before the action and after the action. Estimate the consequences as: If C > 0, the action is good. If C < 0, the action is bad.

Rule Utilitarianism Adopt those moral rules which, if followed by everyone, will lead to the greatest increase in total happiness. (The Principle of Utility is applied to moral rules.)

Kantianism Immanuel Kant ( ) People’s actions should be guided by moral laws, which are universal. Moral laws are derived through a rational process. But… what makes a rule appropriate? Categorical Imperative (1) Act only from moral rules that you can will to be universal moral laws. Categorical Imperative (2) Act so that you always treat yourself and other people as ends in themselves, and never only as means to an end.