1. Morality and the Modern World Area 1

2. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values

3. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values Euthyphro Dilemma

4. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values Euthyphro Dilemma Discussion between Socrates and Euthyphro. What makes an action morally good? Euthyphro – Whatever the Gods command is morally good. Socrates – actions are good in themselves, goodness is independent of Gods. Do Gods command things because they are good? Or are they good because God commands them.

5. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values Euthyphro Dilemma Divine Command Theory

6. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values Divine Command Theory Things are good or bad solely on Gods commands. God could command anything e.g. rape or murder and they would become morally good. Example from Bible – Jesus brutal death is morally right? God created everything, including morals. God has authority to tell us how to act.

7. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values Euthyphro Dilemma Divine Command Theory Religious Morality

8. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values Religious Morality Tradition Books/Scripture Interpretation e.g. Bible Religious Leaders e.g. Pope Reason Think through the decision. Symbolism Examples How have followers of this religion acted in history? 10 Commandments The Golden Rule

9. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values Euthyphro Dilemma Divine Command Theory Religious Morality Absolute

10. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values Euthyphro Dilemma Divine Command Theory Religious Morality Absolute Moral rules hold true at all times and cannot be changed.

11. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values Euthyphro Dilemma Divine Command Theory Religious Morality Absolute Relative Moral rules hold true at all times and cannot be changed.

12. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values Euthyphro Dilemma Divine Command Theory Religious Morality Absolute Relative Moral rules hold true at all times and cannot be changed. Moral rules are relative to individual, society or situation.

13. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values Euthyphro Dilemma Divine Command Theory Religious Morality Absolute Relative Moral rules hold true at all times and cannot be changed. Moral rules are relative to individual, society or situation. Autonomy

14. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values Euthyphro Dilemma Divine Command Theory Religious Morality Absolute Relative Moral rules hold true at all times and cannot be changed. Moral rules are relative to individual, society or situation. Autonomy Moral rules are objective. One chooses what is right or wrong.

15. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values Euthyphro Dilemma Divine Command Theory Religious Morality Absolute Relative Moral rules hold true at all times and cannot be changed. Moral rules are relative to individual, society or situation. Autonomy Moral rules are objective. One chooses what is right or wrong. Heteronomy

16. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values Euthyphro Dilemma Divine Command Theory Religious Morality Absolute Relative Moral rules hold true at all times and cannot be changed. Moral rules are relative to individual, society or situation. Autonomy Moral rules are objective. One chooses what is right or wrong. Heteronomy Moral rules from external influences e.g. religion.

17. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values Euthyphro Dilemma Divine Command Theory Religious Morality Absolute Relative Autonomy Heteronomy Guiding Principles of Morality

18. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values Euthyphro Dilemma Divine Command Theory Religious Morality Absolute Relative Autonomy Heteronomy Guiding Principles of Morality Utilitarianism

19. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 Guiding Principles of Morality Utilitarianism J. S. Mill Actions are good or bad depending on the outcome. The moral consequences of the action is the promotion of human happiness and the minimising of unhappiness. The greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. Act Utilitarianism Rule Utilitarianism J. Bentham

20. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values Euthyphro Dilemma Divine Command Theory Religious Morality Absolute Relative Autonomy Heteronomy Guiding Principles of Morality Utilitarianism Kantian Ethics

21. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 Guiding Principles of Morality Kantian Ethics An action is good or bad on the action itself. Use reason to make decision. Rules should be universal and absolute. Follow your duty. Categorical Imperative- you are the law maker, can the rule be universalised. What we ought to do we must do.

22. Morality and the Modern World Area 1 The Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values Euthyphro Dilemma Divine Command Theory Religious Morality Absolute Relative Autonomy Heteronomy Guiding Principles of Morality Utilitarianism Kantian Ethics Discussion between Socrates and Euthyphro. What makes an action morally good? Euthyphro – Whatever the Gods command is morally good. Socrates – actions are good in themselves, goodness is independent of Gods. Do Gods command things because they are good? Or are they good because God commands them. Things are good or bad solely on Gods commands. God could command anything e.g. rape or murder and they would become morally good. Example from Bible – Jesus brutal death is morally right? God created everything, including morals. God has authority to tell us how to act. Tradition Books/Scripture Interpretation e.g. Bible Religious Leaders e.g. Pope Reason Think through the decision. Symbolism How have followers of this religion acted in history? Moral rules hold true at all times and cannot be changed. Moral rules are relative to individual, society or situation. Moral rules are objective. One chooses what is right or wrong. Moral rules from external influences e.g. religion. An action is good or bad on the action itself. Use reason to make decision. Rules should be universal and absolute. Follow your duty. Categorical Imperative- you are the law maker, can the rule be universalised. What we ought to do we must do. J. S. Mill Actions are good or bad depending on the outcome. The moral consequences of the action is the promotion of human happiness and the minimising of unhappiness. The greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. Act Utilitarianism Rule Utilitarianism J. Bentham