Galaxies Astronomy 315 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 20.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Galaxy Classification

Advertisements

Galaxy Classification

Week 8 Galaxies Reading: Chapter 15, Sections 1, 3 (9 pages)

The Universe of Galaxies. A Brief History Galileo.

What is a Galaxy? A galaxy is made of billions of stars, dust, and gas all held together by gravity.A galaxy is made of billions of stars, dust, and gas.

The Milky Way Galaxy part 2

AST 101 The Realm of the Nebulae. Meet the Neighbors.

Galaxies PHYS390 Astrophysics Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 20.

Susan CartwrightOur Evolving Universe1 Other galaxies n Telescopic images of the night sky reveal many other galaxies l l What do they look like?   are.

Galaxy Classification. Edwin Hubble was the first person to establish the distances to other galaxies. Edwin Hubble was the first person to establish.

Formation of Galaxies Types of Galaxies

A1143 Quiz 4 Distribution of Grades: No Curve. Milky Way: Bright Band Across Sky (Resolved by Galileo)

Chapter 20: Galaxies So far we have talked about “small” things like stars, nebulae and star clusters. Now it’s time to get big!

Chapter 24 Normal and Active Galaxies. The light we receive tonight from the most distant galaxies was emitted long before Earth existed.

Note that the following lectures include animations and PowerPoint effects such as fly ins and transitions that require you to be in PowerPoint's Slide.

Galaxies Chapter 16. Galaxies Star systems like our Milky Way Contain a few thousand to tens of billions of stars. Large variety of shapes and sizes.

Galaxies Chapter 13:. Galaxies Contain a few thousand to tens of billions of stars, Large variety of shapes and sizes Star systems like our Milky Way.

An Astronomer at the Mount Wilson Observatory in California.

Part 5: The Galaxy and the Universe In this final part of the course, we will: 1. Look at the big spatial picture: Are there organizations of stars? What.

Galaxies Your complete address is part of a much larger system than your street, city, state, country, and even the planet Earth.

Another galaxy: NGC The Milky Way roughly resembles it.

The Universe Looking at Galaxies. The Universe Early in the history of the universe, hydrogen and helium (and other forms of matter) clumped together.

GALAXIES These are galaxy clusters and separate galaxies taken by long-range telescope. The area of the sky covered is less than the diameter of the moon.

The Milky Way Appears as a band of light stretching across the sky There are dark regions along the band, giving the appearance of a lack of stars This.

Historical background Until the 1920's it was believed that our Milky Way was all there was to the universe. As early as the 18th century, the philosopher.

STARS & GALAXIES Our Local System. A STAR PARTY!!! The largest gatherings in the universe! Galaxies-Are large scale groups of stars that are bounded together.

Milky Way Galaxy.  A galaxy is a group of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity.

Classifying Galaxies A.N. Other and N. O’Body All Saints School, Upper Nowhere, UK.

Galaxies The Universe is filled with these star systems which themselves cluster together into larger systems.

Cosmology and extragalactic astronomy Mat Page Mullard Space Science Lab, UCL 2. Galaxies.

1 Galaxies The Andromeda Galaxy - nearest galaxy similar to our own. Only 2 million light years away! Galaxies are clouds of millions to hundreds of billions.

Galaxies Astronomy 115. First, which of the following is a galaxy? Open cluster Globular cluster Nebula Interstellar medium (gas and dust) Supernova remnant.

GalaxiesGalaxies Learning Outcome (Student will…): compare characteristics & classification of various galaxies.

GALAXIES. There are Three main classes (as classified by Hubble). A. Spiral B. Elliptical C. Irregular 1. Spiral galaxies. Disk + central bulge. M51 M51.

Galaxies Beyond the Milky Way. Types of Galaxies There are Three main types of Galaxies: 1.Spiral (like the Milky Way) 2. Elliptical (Round without internal.

This page was copied from Nick Strobel's Astronomy Notes. Nick Strobel's Astronomy Notes.Nick Strobel's Astronomy NotesNick Strobel's Astronomy Notes Go.

Galaxy Classification Image Credit: NASA. Theory Presentation The aim of this project will be to introduce students to the concept of varying galactic.

Galaxies. A galaxy is made of billions of stars, dust, and gas all held together by gravity. Galaxies are scattered throughout the Universe. They vary.

Galaxies are described according to the Hubble tuning fork diagram which classifies galaxies according to there shapes. S0 is an extra category that Hubble.

Session 9: Galaxies. The Main Concepts… 1.A galaxy is a large collection of stars, gas and dust. 2.We live in a galaxy called the Milky Way. 3.Our Sun.

Galaxies Milky Way and Beyond.

Universe Tenth Edition Chapter 23 Galaxies Roger Freedman Robert Geller William Kaufmann III.

Galaxies. The Hubble Tuning-Fork Diagram This is the traditional scheme for classifying galaxies:

Galaxies. Edwin Hubble ( ) Discovered that the universe goes beyond the Milky Way He was the first person to establish the distances to other.

GALAXIES & BEYOND. What is a galaxy? A galaxy is a very large group of stars held together by gravity. Size: 100,000 ly+ Contain Billions of stars separated.

Identify the stages numbered 1-8: nebula white dwarf black dwarf 2. main sequence supernova black hole neutron star planetary nebula.

Our Universe and Galaxies

The Hubble Ultra Deep Field, or HUDF, catalogs thousands of galaxies in a small section of space in the southern constellation Fornax. Previous versions.

Types & Hubble’s Classification Scheme

Objectives Describe how astronomers classify galaxies.

Notes: Galaxies.

M31: The Andromeda Galaxy

Chapter 24 Galaxies Chapter 24 opener. Active galaxies are much more energetic than the normal galaxy—the Milky Way—in which we live. The “central engines”

Galaxies Astronomy 315 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 19.

Galaxies And the Foundation of Modern Cosmology

Galaxies! Out of this World.

Organization of the universe

Learning Goals: I will:

Galaxy Classification

Presentation transcript:

Galaxies Astronomy 315 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 20

The Size of the Universe   Separate star systems like the Milky Way or just nebula in our galaxy?  In the 1920’s Edwin Hubble used the new 100 inch Mt. Wilson telescope to view Cepheids in “spiral nebula” and found they were too distant to be in our galaxy 

Types of Galaxies  A visual inspection reveals 3 types:  Spiral    Elliptical   Composed of older stars  Irregular   Look like altered spirals

Spiral Galaxies  Spiral galaxies are similar to the Milky Way   Spiral arms contain gas and dust and young stars   We see a lot of spirals (~80% of bright galaxies)  Most smaller than the Milky Way

Classifying Spiral Galaxies  Spiral galaxies are classified based on two properties:    From this Hubble produced 3 categories:  Sa   Sb   Sc  Loosely wound arms, small bulge

M31, The Andromeda Galaxy (Sb)

M83 (Sc)

M100 (Sc)

M51, The Whirlpool Galaxy (Sc)

NGC Edge-on Spiral

Other Spirals  Many spiral galaxies show a bar of material across the nucleus (barred spiral)   Milky Way has a bar  Some galaxies have disks and bulges, but no spiral arms (called S0 or lenticular)  Why do spirals look the way they do?   Sa to Sb to Sc is moving towards “diskier” galaxies with more star formation

M95 -- Barred Spiral (SBb)

NGC Barred Spiral (SBc)

M S0 Spiral

Elliptical Galaxies  Elliptical galaxies have almost no structure   Classified by how elongated they look from our point of view   Have almost no gas, dust or young stars   Have a wide range in size 

M87 -- Giant Elliptical (E1)

M59 -- E5 Elliptical

Irregular Galaxies  Some galaxies have no discernable regular shape   Often show evidence of star formation   Distortion might be due to:   Galaxy collisions

The Large Magellanic Cloud

Hubble’s Tuning Fork  Hubble categorized the galaxies and then placed them on a diagram   As you go from left to right in the diagram you roughly increase in gas, dust, number of young stars and star formation rates 

Hubble’s Tuning Fork Diagram

Galactic Collisions  Galaxies should collide fairly often   What happens when they collide?   May trigger wave of star formation   One galaxy may merge with another (galactic cannibalism) 

Evolution of Galaxies  It is not completely clear how galaxies evolve, but there is growing evidence for this basic picture    Burst uses up all gas and dust and star formation stops (Elliptical) 

Next Time  Read Chapter