Experiments and statistics
QNT, Paul Cairns, University of York2 Classic “lab” study Studying cause and effect – “novel navigation for faster task times” But it might be something else… Ensure causal chain
QNT, Paul Cairns, University of York3 Big problem People vary – Unlike say gravity or water Context influences people Need to isolate causal chain Need to account for natural variation
QNT, Paul Cairns, University of York4 Experimental design Independent variable (IV) – Causes change in Dependent variable (DV) – Which is numeric Confounding variables – Are eliminated
QNT, Paul Cairns, University of York5 Statistics Accounts for natural variation Assume IV has no effect (null) Prediction is crucial Calculate probability of DV data Unlikely data suggests real effects
QNT, Paul Cairns, University of York6 Challenges Hard concepts: involvement, aesthetics – Construct validity Context – External/ecological validity Very small questions
Surveys and interviews
QNT, Paul Cairns, University of York8 How to ask questions Questionnaires Interviews Focus groups
QNT, Paul Cairns, University of York9 Outcomes Demographics Reveal thoughts/opinions/experiences Formulate new hypotheses Measurement – Questionnaire as instrument
QNT, Paul Cairns, University of York10 Asking questions Closed – Likert scales – Options Open Wording
QNT, Paul Cairns, University of York11 Bad questions “Why don’t you like this interface?” “Isn’t this good?” “We made this. What do you think of it?” “I don’t like the colours and would prefer a simpler interaction: Agree?” “How old are you?”
QNT, Paul Cairns, University of York12 Analysis Closed questions: counting and stats Open questions: coding – Patterns, themes – Dimensions and attributes – Theoretical sampling
QNT, Paul Cairns, University of York13 Challenges Learning to ask questions Qualitative analysis Informing design
Case studies
QNT, Paul Cairns, University of York15 Misconceptions Sample of one “Go in and learn” Purely descriptive
QNT, Paul Cairns, University of York16 Characterising Case Studies Current Context and object blur Multiple sources of evidence Theoretically informed
QNT, Paul Cairns, University of York17 Outline of process Theoretical prediction Gather data – Obs, interviews, documents, resources Analyse – Maintain causal chain Theoretical development
QNT, Paul Cairns, University of York18 Methodological development Devise method to address problems Use method in a project Analyse impact of method Develop method
QNT, Paul Cairns, University of York19 Challenges No formal analysis methods Often need intervention Action Research for HCI? – Notion of participation – Joint solutions