Professor’s eyes only… You may be surprised to learn… …that over 25% of all undergraduate students do not utilize their required course material. …student retention is dropping nationwide and while the higher education community has done a remarkable job of opening the doors of college to more and more students, we have not seen equal strides in the number of students who actually complete four-year degrees. (Education Trust, 2004) See the next slide on what you can do… Chapter one slides begin on slide 14 Professor: Course/Section:

Professor’s eyes only… What you can do… The top factors motivating a student to use their adopted books all involve whether the material is immediately used, referred to, or assessed from in the classroom. Please take a few minutes the first day of class to explain and demonstrate why you adopted your book and accompanying technology. The next few slides show the book, technology products, and messaging to students that indicates they will be responsible for the content. Feel free to customize the information or delete from your slide set. Professor: Course/Section:

Siegel/Senna Essentials of Criminal Justice, 5E Professor: Course/Section: This is your required course material You will need this material for: - tests and quizzes - homework and reading assignments

Some of the reasons why you need to use the new edition… Professor: Course/Section: This new edition has been thoroughly revised, reorganized, and streamlined. In addition, coverage throughout the book has been simplified to clarify concepts and make the material more approachable for today's student. A new chapter on terrorism and homeland security (Chapter 4—Contemporary Challenges in Criminal Justice) spotlights these key issues in criminal justice today and also features enhanced, expanded coverage of Cybercrime. To help students better organize and understand the material presented in the text, Chapter Objectives have been added to the beginning of each chapter and end-of-chapter Key Terms now include page references. In addition, Chapter Summaries have been thoroughly rewritten to clearly tie them to the Chapter Outline and Chapter Objectives.

If you purchased a used book, order ThomsonNOW with ISBN # X ThomsonNow is a powerful online learning tool that helps you assess your unique study needs, and available with each new copy of Siegel/Senna’s Essentials of Criminal Justice, 5e! After you take a diagnostic pre-test, you’ll receive a personalized learning plan and many of the following tools to help you pass the course! On-line assessments Step-by-step problem solving help Interactive Video Lessons Unlimited practice problems In-depth explanations Integrated eBook On-line live tutoring with vMentor Improve your grade!

Professor: Course/Section: InfoTrac College Edition Do your research 24/7! Easy access to over 10 million full-text articles Nearly 5000 academic journals, magazines, and periodicals. Do your research from home, work, or your dorm room! InfoTrac can be used for ALL of your courses! Includes InfoWrite, a web-based training tool designed to help you develop your writing skills.

HOW TO SEARCH THE DATABASE There are 3 ways to search: Subject Guide Keyword Search Advanced Search There is also a Limit Search function, which limits the search by date, journal, or keyword.

InfoWrite offers the following benefits: Facilitates the writing process Assists with the organization and presentation of ideas Helps you articulate key concepts Improves grammar, spelling and correct word usage Aids your creativity Also included: Critical Thinking with InfoTrac APA vs. MLA documentation style Essay Topics Research and the Internet …and much more! INFOWRITE INFOWRITE InfoTrac College Edition, your Online Research and Learning Center, includes InfoWrite, a web-based training tool designed to help you develop your writing skills.

Student Companion Website

Provides you with extensive career profiling information and self-assessment testing, and is designed to help you investigate and focus on the criminal justice career choices that are right for you. ISBN for ordering: X CD’s available to bring Criminal Justice to life! This CD provides you with realistic criminal scenarios. As you walk through each phase of a case, the interactive environment of this CD allows you to participate in the criminal justice process. Ordering ISBN:

Current Perspectives, Roger Miller Includes 19 articles on Cyber Crime, a quickly spreading and critical issue facing the Criminal Justice System. Current Perspectives, Dipak Gupta Includes 16 articles on Terrorism covering a range of topics including homeland defense, religious politics, strategies for fighting terrorism, the need for terrorism data, and how to create a global perspective on terrorism. Readers for Siegel/Senna’s Essentials!

Students Please Read… If your textbook doesn’t already come with the helpful study aids we’ve discussed, go to your local college bookstore or go on-line to the textbook URL … Professor: Course/Section:

Chapter 2 The Nature of Crime and Victimization

How is Crime Defined?  Consensus View  Crimes are behaviors harmful to a majority of citizens in society. (social harm)  Society’s social control function is accomplished by prohibiting these behaviors through the criminal law.

How is Crime Defined? (cont.)  Conflict view  Crime is the outcome of a class struggle between the rich and the poor.  Groups with political and economic power shape the law to ensure their continued economic domination of society.

How is Crime Defined? (cont.)  Interactionist View  The law is structured to reflect the preferences and opinions of people who hold social power in a particular legal jurisdiction.  Moral entrepreneurs wage campaigns to control behaviors they view as wrong (i.e. abortion) or to legalize behaviors they consider harmless (i.e. prostitution).

How is Crime Measured?  Record Data  Uniform Crime Reports  Survey Data  National Crime Victimization Survey  Self Report Studies  Alternative Sources  Observation  Interviews  Life Histories

Crime Trends  After reaching their peak in the 1990’s both violent and property crimes have shown an overall decline.  These declines were evident in both the Uniform Crime Reporting System and the National Crime Victimization Survey.

Crime Patterns - Offenders  Ecological Differences  Gender  Race  Social Class  Age  Criminal Careers

Crime Patterns – Victims  Gender  Age  Income  Marital Status  Race  Ecological Factors  Victim-Offender Relationships  Repeat Victimization

Causes of Crime and Victimization  Choice Theory: All people of their own free will can choose between conventional or criminal behaviors.  For some people, criminal solutions are more attractive because they require less effort for greater gain.  Weigh benefits and consequences of actions.  Punishments threatened by the existing criminal law are the primary deterrent to crime.

Causes of Crime and Victimization (cont.)  Socio-Biological Theory: Behavior is a function of the interaction of biochemical, neurological, and genetic factors with environmental stimulus.  Bio-Chemical Factors  Neurological Problems  Genetic Abnormalities

Causes of Crime and Victimization (cont.)  Psychological Theory: Criminals are driven by unconscious thought patterns, developed in early childhood, that control behavior.  Psychoanalytic View  Schizophrenia  Conduct Disorders  Social Learning  Psychopathic Personality

Causes of Crime and Victimization (cont.)  Social Structure Theory: A person’s position in the social structure controls their behavior.  Poverty  Social Disorganization  Strain  Cultural Deviance

Causes of Crime and Victimization (cont.)  Social Process Theory: Interactions with key social institutions – family, school, peer group – shapes behavior.  Social Learning  Social Control  Social Reaction (labeling)

Causes of Crime and Victimization (cont.)  Conflict Theory: Human behavior is shaped by interpersonal conflict. Those who maintain power will use it to further their own needs.  Economic and political forces in society as fundamental causes of criminality  Crimes are defined in a way that meets needs of ruling class

Causes of Crime and Victimization (cont.)  Developmental Theory  People begin relationships and behaviors that will determine their adult life course, even as toddlers.  Finishing school, entering workforce, getting married and having children  Disruptions in life’s major transitions can be destructive and promote criminality  As people mature the factors that influence their behavior change.